Tourism Flashcards
what is tourism
the act of leaving your home environment to go and visit another area for either work or pleasure
main social reasons for growth of international tourism (4)
- high levels of international migration
- raised expectations of international travels
- increase in paid leave average number of days
- promotion of tourism destinations
explanation of the social reason of high levels of international migration causing growth of international tourism
This means more people go and visit their families and friends that migrated and now live abroad.
explanation of the social reason of Raised expectations of international travels causing growth of international tourism
With social media coverage of holidays, travel spots and nature, people are more inclined to visit and see those places pushing them to go as they see everyone on social media having great experiences there.
explanation of the social reason of Increase in paid leave average number of days causing growth of international tourism
Meaning people can take longer vacations so will most probably go somewhere further away as they will have more opportunity to visit it with time and calm.
promotion of tourism destinations causing growth of international tourism explanation
the media and marketing
economic factors of growth of international tourism (4)
- decreasing cost of holidays
- steadily rising incomes
- expansion of budget airlines
- package holidays
explanation of economic factor of growth of global tourism decreasing cost of holidays
A decrease in the cost of holidays means that vacations are becoming more affordable compared to other goods and services. This encourages more people to travel, increasing the demand for holidays.
explanation of economic factor of growth of steadily rising incomes
As incomes increase people have more purchasing power, which allows them to afford more goods and services like travel, leading to an increase in holidays and tourism as people can spend more money on leisure activities. Disposable income has gone up over the last 50 years dramatically.
explanation of economic factors causing global tourism Expansion of budget airlines
The growth of budget airlines has made air travel more affordable by offering lower-priced flights. This increases accessibility to travel for a broader population, leading to a rise in holiday bookings.
why do package holidays increase global tourism
Where you get an all-included holiday. Include flight, hotel, food, sightseeing- all organized for you. It is cheaper because of economies of scale. If you put together these packages, you can get a much better deal as you are buying many more of, for example, hotel rooms or flight seats. The airlines or hotels would want to give this deal as they know for sure they will get those customers. This means the cost of the package will be lower. Also takes the anxiety of organizing it all away.
benefits of tourism, social/ cultural (3)
Increases in-migration to the destination areas.
Preservation of local customs / heritage
People often get new employment opportunities like sightseeing guides, in restaurants and builders)
EXAMPLE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF AN LEDC THAT SHOULD TAKE ADVANTAGE OF TOURISM AS A DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
Cambodia would be suited to take advantage of tourism as they have many touristic sites that they preserve anyways, and are very monumental, culturally important and beautiful. This would definitely attract tourism as well as the fact that they have beaches that are very pretty and would attract a lot of attention from tourists. They have affordable cost of living, political stability and rich natural scenic landscapes as well as cultural attractions like the Angkor Wat.
CHARACTERISTICS AND EXAMPLE OF AN LEDC WOULD BE LESS LIKELY TO BENEFIT FROM TOURISM AS A DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
Somalia would be less likely to benefit from tourism because of their political instability, security and safety problems, high crime rates, poor infrastructure and environmental degradation. They have a decreasing rate of visitors.they lack the necessary factors to support tourism development. Also too arid.
MAIN AREAS WHERE TOURISTS SPEND THEIR MONEY
accomodation
Sightseeing
Food service industry
Souvenir trade
Travel
Tourist services
what is the multiplier effect
There is a boost to local economy because of a higher demand of goods and services which results in higher incomes because of tourist spending
what employment opportunities does tourism create
Low skilled service jobs, seasonal, low pay like:
Barmen and Waiters
Hotel cleaners
Gardeners
MAIN PROBLEM WITH THE JOBS THAT TOURISM CREATES
They are seasonal because tourists don’t come all year round and they are low paid
EXAMPLE OF A COUNTRY THAT IS OVERLY DEPENDANT ON TOURISM AND WHY THAT CAUSES PROBLEMS
The Maldivesis over-dependent on tourism risks economic instability and if there is an external shock like terrorist attack, a pandemic or a war, tourists don’t want to come so many people will be unemployed.
MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES EMPLOYED TO REDUCE THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF TOURISM (3)
- Visitor limits and temporary closure to allow the ecosystem to recover from overuse
- Hotels can use solar panels to reduce energy use
- Marine protected areas : in places like the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, have been established to limit activities like fishing and diving in sensitive areas, helping to protect marine life
HOW CAN TOURISM HAVE A NEGATIVE IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT
(4)
- The construction of infrastructures can disrupt wildlife habitats
- transportation related emissions will contribute to air pollution.
- Water pollution from litter and sewage disposal
-Damage of coral reef to sell to tourists or anchors damaging the reef or overfishing because of an increased demand for seafood
SOCIAL IMPACTS OF TOURISM
(2)
Increased crime : Popular places for tourism can experience higher rates of crime such as theft
Community displacement: tourism development project like building resorts can displace local residents
HOW CAN TOURISM HARM CULTURES
Some cultural traits can get exploited for tourist consumption it loses its cultural authenticity
HOW CAN TOURISM BENEFIT CULTURES (2)
- Tourism can encourage the preservation of local traditions because people want to see the authentic lifestyles of local people
- Money from tourism can fund museums, cultural centers and festivals.
what is sustainable tourism
is Organised so that environmental, social and economic levels can be maintained in the future without compromising the present areas.
why is the need for sustainable tourism so widely accepted
Because people start to understand that they need to be responsibly planning, managing and monitoring their tourism or travels as its becomes more and more important as the levels of global tourism increase rapidly.
what is destination footprint
the environmental impact that is caused by an individual tourist on holiday at a particular destination
what does fly less, stay longer mean and what is it promoting
- Use air transportation less times and when you do stay for longer periods of time in order to explore more of the country.
- promoting sustainable tourism
what are carbon off-set flights and what do they promote
-credits that can be purchased to compensate for the carbon emissions produced by a flight
- promote sustainable tourism
what is slow travel and what does it promote
- Encourage people to experience and visit the country as a ‘local’ in order to maintain the culture, and support local businesses
- promotes sustainable tourism
WHAT CAN INTRODUCING QUOTAS FOR VISITOR NUMBERS TO CERTAIN BUSY TIMES DO FOR TOURISM PROBLEMS
It can reduce overcrowding, protect the environment and improve visitor experience, however management is needed to balance conservation and the economic needs of a community
EXAMPLES OF PLACES THAT INTRODUCED QUOTAS (3)
- Machu picchu, Peru: visitor numbers are limited to protect the site from erosion and overuse
- Cinque terre, Italy: Daily visitor limits have been introduced to preserve the coast preventing damage caused by overcrowding
- Galapagos islands, Ecuador: the number of tourists is regulated to protect the wildlife from human impact
how is ecotourism being applied and bringing benefits to the Cuyabueno Wildlife reserve in the Ecuadorian Amazon
Ecotourism has helped to bring needed income to some of the poorest parts of the country. It has provided local people with a new alternative way of making a living. It has reduced human pressure on ecologically sensitive areas.
- Ecuador’s tourism strategy has been to avoid becoming a mass market destination but to market quality’ and exclusivity’ instead
