industry

Question 1

inputs

Answer 1

the physical objects like raw materials or the labour that is needed for the process to take place.

Question 2

process

Answer 2

the industrial activity that takes place in a factory in order to produce the final product ( activity that converts inputs into outputs)

Question 3

outputs

Answer 3

the finished product that is sold to the customer, can also be waste products

Question 4

re-investing

Answer 4

the profit earned is reinvested into capital or shareholders

Question 5

what is capital

Answer 5

investments in assets like the factory or machinery/ physical necessities needed for the manufacturing to happen)

Question 6

what is heavy industry

Answer 6

refers to the production of large, heavy goods, often involving significant capital investment and resources, like steel and machinery. ( like shipbuilding)
- considered as traditional industries

Question 7

light industries

Answer 7

The light industry focuses on producing smaller, lighter goods, often using less capital and labour, such as consumer electronics and textiles.

Question 8

processing industries

Answer 8

Processing Industries are based on the direct process of raw materials; they’re usually located close to the raw material source.

Question 9

assembly industries

Answer 9

put together parts and components that were made somewhere else. (a large car assembly will have parts made from all over)
assembly Industries usually have a much wider choice of location and are usually described as Footloose Industries

Question 10

capital intensive industries

Answer 10

rely on machinery and are very expensive. They have more difficult and precise labour ( automated production)

Question 11

labour intensive industries

Answer 11

relies on manual work from people so takes longer and needs more people. (clothing and textile industry)

Question 12

why do tech industries cluster together

Answer 12

are found close together as it makes it easier for them to collaborate on projects that are joint and high skilled workers can move from one company to another more easily.

Question 13

physical factors that affect location of industry (3)

Answer 13

• flat land
• available land
• availability of raw materials

Question 14

why does flat land affect the location of an industry

Answer 14

It’s much easier to build on flat land so most industries prefer to construct their factories on flat sites

Question 15

why does available land affect the location of an industry

Answer 15

If industries are successful, they’ll want to expand close to their main factory so will want space around where they first built to expand

Question 16

why does the availability of raw materials affect the location of an industry

Answer 16

For companies and industries that use raw materials ( especially weight loss industries) it’s very important for them to be situated near them so as to extract them more easily.

Question 17

human factors that affect location of an industry (3)

Answer 17

• transport links
• reliability of electricity and water supply
• cheap labour

Question 18

why does the availability of cheap labour affect the location of an industry

Answer 18

In other industries like clothes production the availability for cheap labour is super important which is why a lot of industries are located in LEDCs

Question 19

why is reliability of water supply and electricity important for the location of an industry

Answer 19

For all industries a good supply of electricity and water is super important as they can’t afford breaks in production

Question 20

why are transport links important for the location of an industry

Answer 20

It’s important that factories be close to roads and rail links so they can distribute and receive products easily and fast as well as so that their workers can reach them quickly and fast ( it’s easier for the workers and there is no reason for them to want to leave)

Question 21

what is industrial agglomeration and why does it happen

Answer 21

• the clustering together of economic activities ( when companies that do the same type of industrial activity join together)

This happens because companies benefit from lower costs, idea sharing, which benefits them. Industries also clutter together because their raw material that they need will be close to them so they access it for cheaper and easier.

Question 22

why have industrial estates become so popular (4)

Answer 22

Industrial estates allow businesses to share resources and infrastructure, reducing costs and increasing production efficiency.

These areas often provide essential services like transportation, utilities, and communication, supporting smooth operations for manufacturers.

Designated industrial zones minimise conflicts with residential areas, making sure businesses can operate without disruption from nearby communities.

Industrial estates attract investors due to favourable conditions, like tax incentives, skilled labour availability, and supportive local policies.

Question 23

how was the location of manufacturing changed (3)

Answer 23

• shifting from major urban areas to rural/greenfield areas. (bcs land is cheaper, room for expansion, land is flat, close to transport)
• change from being based in high income countries to low income. (bcs they find labourers willing to work for cheaper)
• regional shifts, ( result of government policies, areas which are less developed are areas of good industrialization due to the publicity of the government)