antinatal policies China casestudy Flashcards
what is china’s one child policy
A law that limited most chinese families to only one child each
EXCEPTIONS OF THE OCP RULE ?
If the couple were both only children themselves
if they had mental or physical incapabilities/ disabilities
when was it introduced
1978-80s
how many births were prevented
100 million
WHAT IS THE 4-2-1 PROBLEM
The shape of China’s population was too imbalanced (with grandparents being more than the lower generation) so children were potentially financially responsible for two parents and 4 grandparents.
what problem did it cause
the shape isn’t a pyramid but an inverted pyramid with 4 grandparents, 2 parents and one child which meant economically and financially it was harder for the child.
WHAT IS THE SPARE BRANCHES PROBLEM
The spare branch problem is the result of tension in society because of males trying to get wives and impress females because of the gender disparity ratio being unbalanced)
what did the OCP result in thinking about gender
Gender disparity between female and male ratio is very unbalanced. Male is taller. People would get abortions more frequently if the fetus was female because they could scan and know the gender. A lot of baby girls were also murdered after birth(female infanticide).
who were the favourites ( people preferred to have males or females)
males
what would a lot of people do if they didn’t wan’t the gender they were having
gender related abortions
- abandon children
- put them for adoption
WHAT IS THE LITTLE EMPEROR PROBLEM
children were being over indulged by parents who wanted a larger family which resulted in a poorly disciplined generation with fewer social and adaptive capabilities (spoiled/egocentric)
3 main problems OCP had
- little emperor problem
- spare branches
- 4-2-1
WHY was the OCP introduced?
To reduce growth rate of china’s population
And partly to deal with the effects of the great leap forwards which had caused widespread food shortages and famine
To try and have the optimum population number
WHO is affected by the OCP?
It affected all families in china, affected male, female and children but also some other countries because of the amount of children that were abandoned and put up for adoption
HOW is the OCP implemented? (methods used)
There would be forced abortions or forced sterilizations
There would be large fines and loss of employment if you had more than one child illegally
There would be monitoring and baby police to make sure that no one was cheating (spy on people making sure they weren’t having more than one child)
Contraception (easy access to pills/condoms)
Free sterilization and abortions
They could lose lands/ jobs
successes of OCP
It managed to reduce the population growth (still grew though)
Fertility rate reduced from 5 children per woman to 1 child per woman
Demographic transition model stage 4
failures of OCP
It made a huge disparity between genders
It made many more children specifically girls be orphaned
It created a population structure very aged and created economic problems for younger generation
A lot of unregistered children
HOW HAS THE POLICY CHANGED IN RECENT YEARS AND WHY
in 2021, couples were allowed to have 3 children each
why was the OCP changed
he one child policy was changed because the fertility was well below replacement level and China began to face pressure associated with the continuing low fertility. China has industrialized and gone through an economic miracle so there are jobs to be done.
