Topics 18-20: Endocrine, Reproductive, and Nervous Systems

Question 1

growth factors and prostaglandins are what kind of regulators?

Answer 1

Paracrine regulators

Question 2

cytokines are what kind of regulators?

Answer 2

autocrine regulators

Question 3

modified tyrosine produced by thyroid gland, increases metabolic rate

Answer 3

thyroxine

Question 4

controlled by hypothalamus

made up of 2 parts

Answer 4

Pituitary gland

Question 5

hormones made in hypothalamus, secreted by this pituitary gland

Answer 5

Posterior pituitary

Question 6

Gland that makes ADH and oxytocin

Answer 6

Posterior pituitary

Question 7

Gland that makes its own hormones, many stimulate growth

Answer 7

Anterior pituitary

Question 8

Gland that makes ACTH, TSH, LH, FSH, etc.

Answer 8

Anterior pituitary

Question 9

stimulates production of corticosteroids in adrenal cortex

Answer 9

ACTH

Question 10

stimulates production of thyroxine in thyroid

Answer 10

TSH

Question 11

testosterone production, ovulation, and corpus luteum formation

Answer 11

LH

Question 12

needed for spermatogenesis and development of ovarian follicles

Answer 12

FSH

Question 13

What makes thyroxine and calcitonin?

Answer 13

Thyroid

Question 14

2 essential hormones

Answer 14

PTH and aldosterone

Question 15

What makes PTH?

Answer 15

parathyroid

Question 16

Increases blood Ca++ level, reabsorb Ca++ in kidneys, absorb Ca++ from food in intestine

Answer 16

PTH

Question 17

Part of adrenal glands for mineral and glucose balance

Answer 17

Adrenal cortex (outer)

Question 18

Part of adrenal glands for “fight or flight”

Answer 18

Adrenal medulla (inner)

Question 19

reabsorbs Na+ for normal blood volume

Answer 19

aldosterone

Question 20

What’s it called when an individual can change its sex (most common in fish)

Answer 20

Sequential hermaphroditism

Question 21

period of sexually receptivity (these females have an estrous cycle)

Answer 21

estrus

Question 22

Oogenesis cycle parts:

Answer 22

Follicular phase, ovulation, luteal phase

Question 23

What part of the cycle has an increase in estradiol causeing an LH spike

Answer 23

ovulation

Question 24

after ovulation, empty Graafian follicle becomes corpus luteum, which makes estradiol/progesterone to inhibit production of FSH and LH

Answer 24

luteal phase

Question 25

mimics LH, keeping corpus luteum alive and preventing menstruation

Answer 25

hCG

Question 26

What does a sodium-potassium pump bring out and bring in?

Answer 26

Pumps out 3 Na+, pumps in 2 K+

Question 27

What happens in an action potential:

Answer 27

1. ) Na+ channels open, Na rushes inside
2. ) Rapid change in membrane potential
3. ) K+ channels open, K+ rushes inside
4. ) Rapid repolarization

Question 28

gaps every 1-2 mm, letting action potentials to travel faster along myelinated axons

Answer 28

nodes of Ranvier

Question 29

integrates brain with spinal cord; controls breathing

Answer 29

medulla oblongata (brain stem)

Question 30

involved in coordination and motion memory; associated with medulla oblongata

Answer 30

cerebellum

Question 31

motor control, memory, emotion, higher functions (in cerebral cortex)

Answer 31

cerebrum

Question 32

integrates the hemispheres of the cerebrum

Answer 32

corpus callosum