Deuterostomia + SP. Craniata Flashcards by Alexis Tang

Q

P. Chordata

A

4 features:

Dorsal, hollow nerve cord, notochord, gill slits, postanal tail

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Q

P. Echinodermata

A

Echinoderms (sea urchins, sea stars, sea cucumbers)

Endoskeleton, madreporite, and tube feet

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Q

P. Hemichordata

A

“Half” chordates with dorsal nerve cord and gill slits

Proboscis, collar, and trunk

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Q

SP. Cephalochordata

A

Lancelets

No brain

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Q

SP. Urochordata

A

Sea squirts and tunicates

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Q

SP. Craniata

A

Brain protected by cranium

Vertebral column

Neural crest ectoderm

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Q

C. Crinoidea

A

Sea lilies and feather stars

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Q

C. Asteroidea

A

Sea stars

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Q

C. Ophiurodea

A

Brittle stars

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Q

C. Echinoidea

A

Sea urchins and sand dollars

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Q

C. Holothuroidea

A

Sea cucumbers

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Q

cyclostomes

A

Jawless fishes

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Q

hagfishes

A

Slime glands

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Q

lampreys

A

Ammocoete larvae

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Q

gnathostomes

A

Jawed vertebrates

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Q

SC. Osteichthyes

A

Bony fishes

Swim bladder, operculum (gill cover), bony scales

Q

SC. Sarcopterygii

A

Lobe-finned fishes (coelacanth and lungfishes)

Give rise to tetrapods

Q

amniotes

A

Completely adapted to land

Amniotic egg prevents drying

Keratinized skin and thoracic/pulmonary breathing

Q

C. Mammalia

A

Hair, mammary glands, heterodont teeth

Q

eutherians

A

Placentals

Q

C. Chondrichthyes

A

Cartilaginous fishes (sharks, skates, rays)

Q

SC. Actinopterygii

A

Ray-finned fishes

Most fish alive today

Q

C. Ampihbia

A

Amphibians

Cutaneous respiration

Q

C. Reptilia

A

Ectothermic, improved heart

Q

O. Monotremata

A

Monotremes (platypus, spiny echidna)

Mammals that lay eggs

Q

O. Marsupialia

A

Marsupials

Give birth to young that develop in pouch

Q

Ambulacraria

A

Include P. Echinodermata and P. Hemichordata

Q

O. Urodela

A

Salamanders

Q

O. Anura

A

Frogs and toads

Q

O. Apoda

A

Caecilians

Q

O. Chelonia

A

Turtles

Q

O. Squamata

A

Diapsids (lizards, snakes)

Q

O. Rhynchocephalia

A

Tuataras

“3rd eye”

Q

O. Crocodylia

A

Thecodonts (diapsid protodinosaurs)

Crocodiles, alligators, gavials, caimans

Q

C. Aves

A

“Clade” with reptilia

Includes O. Passeriformes