Deuterostomia + SP. Craniata

Question 1

P. Chordata

Answer 1

4 features:

Dorsal, hollow nerve cord, notochord, gill slits, postanal tail

Question 2

P. Echinodermata

Answer 2

Echinoderms (sea urchins, sea stars, sea cucumbers)

Endoskeleton, madreporite, and tube feet

Question 3

P. Hemichordata

Answer 3

“Half” chordates with dorsal nerve cord and gill slits

Proboscis, collar, and trunk

Question 4

SP. Cephalochordata

Answer 4

Lancelets

No brain

Question 5

SP. Urochordata

Answer 5

Sea squirts and tunicates

Question 6

SP. Craniata

Answer 6

Brain protected by cranium

Vertebral column

Neural crest ectoderm

Question 7

C. Crinoidea

Answer 7

Sea lilies and feather stars

Question 8

C. Asteroidea

Answer 8

Sea stars

Question 9

C. Ophiurodea

Answer 9

Brittle stars

Question 10

C. Echinoidea

Answer 10

Sea urchins and sand dollars

Question 11

C. Holothuroidea

Answer 11

Sea cucumbers

Question 12

cyclostomes

Answer 12

Jawless fishes

Question 13

hagfishes

Answer 13

Slime glands

Question 14

lampreys

Answer 14

Ammocoete larvae

Question 15

gnathostomes

Answer 15

Jawed vertebrates

Question 16

SC. Osteichthyes

Answer 16

Bony fishes

Swim bladder, operculum (gill cover), bony scales

Question 17

SC. Sarcopterygii

Answer 17

Lobe-finned fishes (coelacanth and lungfishes)

Give rise to tetrapods

Question 18

amniotes

Answer 18

Completely adapted to land

Amniotic egg prevents drying

Keratinized skin and thoracic/pulmonary breathing

Question 19

C. Mammalia

Answer 19

Hair, mammary glands, heterodont teeth

Question 20

eutherians

Answer 20

Placentals

Question 21

C. Chondrichthyes

Answer 21

Cartilaginous fishes (sharks, skates, rays)

Question 22

SC. Actinopterygii

Answer 22

Ray-finned fishes

Most fish alive today

Question 23

C. Ampihbia

Answer 23

Amphibians

Cutaneous respiration

Question 24

C. Reptilia

Answer 24

Ectothermic, improved heart

Question 25

O. Monotremata

Answer 25

Monotremes (platypus, spiny echidna) Mammals that lay eggs

Question 26

O. Marsupialia

Answer 26

Marsupials Give birth to young that develop in pouch

Question 27

Ambulacraria

Answer 27

Include P. Echinodermata and P. Hemichordata

Question 28

O. Urodela

Answer 28

Salamanders

Question 29

O. Anura

Answer 29

Frogs and toads

Question 30

O. Apoda

Answer 30

Caecilians

Question 31

O. Chelonia

Answer 31

Turtles

Question 32

O. Squamata

Answer 32

Diapsids (lizards, snakes)

Question 33

O. Rhynchocephalia

Answer 33

Tuataras "3rd eye"

Question 34

O. Crocodylia

Answer 34

Thecodonts (diapsid protodinosaurs) Crocodiles, alligators, gavials, caimans

Question 35

C. Aves

Answer 35

"Clade" with reptilia Includes O. Passeriformes