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BIOL 1030 > Topic 11a-11c Phylums and Groupings > Flashcards

Topic 11a-11c Phylums and Groupings Flashcards

1
Q

Chaetognatha

A

Arrow worms, ~70 species

Translucent predators in marine plankton

Interesting exception to the rule of taxonomic grouping

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2
Q 
Ectoprocta
Platyhelminthes
Rotifera
Annelida
Nemertea
Phoronida
Brachiopoda
Mollusca
A

These are Lophotrochozoans

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3
Q 
Priapulida
Loricifera
Kinoryncha
Nematomorpha
Nematoda
Onychophora
Tardigrada
Arthropoda
A

These are Ecdysozoans

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4
Q

What are the 3 larger groupings within Ecdysozoa?

A

Scalidiophora, Nematoda, Panarthropoda

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5
Q

Scalidiophora

A

All Scalidiophores are pseudocoelomate or acoelomate

Spiny, eversible proboscis used for feeding

Priapulida, (Loricifera + Kinorhyncha)

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6
Q

Nematoda

A

(Nematomorpha + Nematoda)

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7
Q

Panarthropoda

A

Onychophora, Tardigrada, Arthropoda

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8
Q

Priapulida

A

penis worms

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9
Q

Loricifera

A

telescopic bodies

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10
Q

Kinorhyncha

A

11-segmented body

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11
Q

Nematomorpha

A

~1 mm, similar to Nematoda but bigger

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12
Q

Nematoda

A
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13
Q

Onychophora

A

Predators with hollow legs and chitinous cuticles

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14
Q

Tardigrada

A

Water bears, hardy animals that like to live in lichens

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15
Q

Arthropoda

A

Jointed appendages, chitinous exoskeleton

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16
Q

What classes are in Myriapoda?

A

Chilopoda, Diplopoda

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17
Q

Chelicerata

A

Spiders, horseshoe crabs, sea spiders

Lack jaws, instead have chelicerae

2nd pair of appendages are pedipalps (pinchers or feelers)

Other appendages are 4 pairs of legs

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18
Q

Merostomata

A

Horseshoe crabs

Pedipalps look like legs

5 pairs of book gills, a carapace, and a telson (long “tail” spine)

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19
Q

Arachnida

A

Scorpions, spiders, mites, and ticks

Carnivorous

Chelicerae are fangs, often with poison gland

4 pairs of walking legs

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20
Q

4 orders of SP Chelicerata?

A

Opiliones, Scorpiones, Aranea, Acari

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21
Q

Opiliones

A

harvestmen, or daddy
longlegs

oval, compact body with extremely long, slender legs

most prey on insects and arachnids

females have an
ovipositor for laying eggs

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22
Q

Scorpiones

A

Scorpions

Most ancient group of terrestrial arthropods

Pedipalps are pinchers

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23
Q

Aranea

A

Spiders

2 body segments: prosoma and opisthosoma

Pedipalps involved in copulation to transfer sperm

Silk made from protein fluid forced from spinnerets (modified appendages at rear of opisthosoma)

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24
Q

Acari

A

Mites and ticks

Chelicerae fused into a capitulum for piercing

fused cephalothorax and abdomen

ticks are blood-feeding ectoparasites that transmit many
diseases in vertebrates

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25
Q

C. Chiapoda

A

centipedes, one pair of legs per body segment

carnivorous, mainly eating insects

body with head and multisegmented trunk

poison claws on first body segment

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26
Q

C. Diplopoda

A

millipedes, 2 pairs of legs per segment

inconspicuous head and multisegmented trunk

Have tagma (segments are a fusion of 2 ancestral segments)

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27
Q

SP. Crustacea

A

shrimp, lobsters, crayfish, crabs, isopods, barnacles

two pairs of sensory antennae as first appendages

biramous mandibulates

Larva is called a nauplius

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28
Q

decapods

A

shrimp, lobsters, crayfish, crabs

10 walking legs, exoskeleton usually reinforced with calcium carbonate

cephalothorax covered in carapace (a dorsal shield)

Some have swimmerets, uropods, and/or telson

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29
Q

SP. Hexapoda

A

uniramous mandibulates

paired jaws (mandibles) as mouthpart appendages after the antennae

all appendages are uniramous (“singlebranched”)

tracheal respiratory system

Malpighian tubules for excretion

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30
Q

C. Insecta

A

terrestrial and freshwater, few marine

3 body segments (head, thorax, abdomen), 3 pairs of legs on thorax only, 1 pair of antennae

specialized mouthparts, wings attach to middle and posterior segment of thorax (2 pair) or on middle segment only (1 pair)

Reduced second pairs of wings are halteres

Fat body serves as food reservoir

stages between molts called instars

process of molting (ecdysis) controlled
by molting hormone, or ecdysone

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31
Q

8 important C. Insecta orders

A

Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Orthoptera, Odonata, Isoptera

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32
Q

Chaetognatha

A

Arrow worms, ~70 species

Translucent predators in marine plankton

Interesting exception to the rule of taxonomic grouping

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33
Q 
Ectoprocta
Platyhelminthes
Rotifera
Annelida
Nemertea
Phoronida
Brachiopoda
Mollusca
A

These are Lophotrochozoans

34
Q 
Priapulida
Loricifera
Kinoryncha
Nematomorpha
Nematoda
Onychophora
Tardigrada
Arthropoda
A

These are Ecdysozoans

35
Q

What are the 3 larger groupings within Ecdysozoa?

A

Scalidiophora, Nematoda, Panarthropoda

36
Q

Scalidiophora

A

All Scalidiophores are pseudocoelomate or acoelomate

Spiny, eversible proboscis used for feeding

Priapulida, (Loricifera + Kinorhyncha)

37
Q

Nematoda

A

(Nematomorpha + Nematoda)

38
Q

Panarthropoda

A

Onychophora, Tardigrada, Arthropoda

39
Q

Mollusca

A

snails, slugs, clams, oysters, chitons, cuttlefish, octopuses

Bilateral, true coelom, differentiated head

3 main body parts of muscular foot, visceral mass, and mantle

Have a rasping tongue for feeding (radula)

Have tubular structures that gather wastes from coelom (nephridia)

Most have open circulatory system

40
Q

Loricifera

A

telescopic bodies

41
Q

Kinorhyncha

A

11-segmented body

42
Q

Nematomorpha

A

~1 mm, similar to Nematoda but bigger

43
Q

Nematoda

44
Q

Onychophora

A

Predators with hollow legs and chitinous cuticles

45
Q

Hirudinea

A

leeches

mostly freshwater parasites, predators, and scavengers

hermaphroditic with clitellum

usually dorsoventrally flattened

46
Q

Arthropoda

A

Jointed appendages, chitinous exoskeleton

47
Q

What classes are in Myriapoda?

A

Chilopoda, Diplopoda

48
Q

Chelicerata

A

Spiders, horseshoe crabs, sea spiders

Lack jaws, instead have chelicerae

2nd pair of appendages are pedipalps (pinchers or feelers)

Other appendages are 4 pairs of legs

49
Q

Merostomata

A

Horseshoe crabs

Pedipalps look like legs

5 pairs of book gills, a carapace, and a telson (long “tail” spine)

50
Q

Arachnida

A

Scorpions, spiders, mites, and ticks

Carnivorous

Chelicerae are fangs, often with poison gland

4 pairs of walking legs

51
Q

4 orders of SP Chelicerata?

A

Opiliones, Scorpiones, Aranea, Acari

52
Q

Opiliones

A

harvestmen, or daddy
longlegs

oval, compact body with extremely long, slender legs

most prey on insects and arachnids

females have an
ovipositor for laying eggs

53
Q

Scorpiones

A

Scorpions

Most ancient group of terrestrial arthropods

Pedipalps are pinchers

54
Q

Aranea

A

Spiders

2 body segments: prosoma and opisthosoma

Pedipalps involved in copulation to transfer sperm

Silk made from protein fluid forced from spinnerets (modified appendages at rear of opisthosoma)

55
Q

Acari

A

Mites and ticks

Chelicerae fused into a capitulum for piercing

fused cephalothorax and abdomen

ticks are blood-feeding ectoparasites that transmit many
diseases in vertebrates

56
Q

C. Chiapoda

A

centipedes, one pair of legs per body segment

carnivorous, mainly eating insects

body with head and multisegmented trunk

poison claws on first body segment

57
Q

C. Diplopoda

A

millipedes, 2 pairs of legs per segment

inconspicuous head and multisegmented trunk

Have tagma (segments are a fusion of 2 ancestral segments)

58
Q

SP. Crustacea

A

shrimp, lobsters, crayfish, crabs, isopods, barnacles

two pairs of sensory antennae as first appendages

biramous mandibulates

Larva is called a nauplius

59
Q

decapods

A

shrimp, lobsters, crayfish, crabs

10 walking legs, exoskeleton usually reinforced with calcium carbonate

cephalothorax covered in carapace (a dorsal shield)

Some have swimmerets, uropods, and/or telson

60
Q

SP. Hexapoda

A

uniramous mandibulates

paired jaws (mandibles) as mouthpart appendages after the antennae

all appendages are uniramous (“singlebranched”)

tracheal respiratory system

Malpighian tubules for excretion

61
Q

C. Insecta

A

terrestrial and freshwater, few marine

3 body segments (head, thorax, abdomen), 3 pairs of legs on thorax only, 1 pair of antennae

specialized mouthparts, wings attach to middle and posterior segment of thorax (2 pair) or on middle segment only (1 pair)

Reduced second pairs of wings are halteres

Fat body serves as food reservoir

stages between molts called instars

process of molting (ecdysis) controlled
by molting hormone, or ecdysone

62
Q

8 important C. Insecta orders

A

Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Orthoptera, Odonata, Isoptera

63
Q

Ectoprocta

A

Bryozoans, or moss animals

coelomate, aquatic, mostly marine

lophophore for feeding

secrete and live in a chitinous chamber (zoecium); may be reinforced with calcium carbonate

adults are sessile and colonial, communicate chemically
through pores in zoecia

some nonprotostome
characteristics: radial cleavage, secondary mouth, deuterostome-style coelom

64
Q

Platyhelminthes

A

“flatworms”

acoelomate, ribbon-shaped, softbodied, flattened

most are parasitic, some are scavengers and carnivores

excretory system - small tubules lined with ciliated flame cells

nerve cords and simple central nervous system

hermaphroditic

65
Q

Rotifera

A

Common, free-living freshwater pseudocoelmate animals

Some parasites, some terrestrial

jaws in pharynx, hydrostatic skeleton, ciliated, food-gathering organ on head (corona)

66
Q

Annelida

A

polychaetes, earthworms, and leeches

coelomate

fluid inside coelom of each segment acts as a hydrostatic skeleton

partitions called septa

most have bristles of chitin (setae) used to anchor to a substrate

2 excretory systems per segment, (metanephridia)

67
Q

Nemertea

A

ribbon worms

partially coelomate/partially acoelomate, similar to freeliving
flatworms

long muscular tube covered by a sheath, thrust out quickly to capture prey (proboscis)

often large (up to many meters)

excretory and nervous systems similar to flatworms. complete digestive system, closed circulatory system

68
Q

Phoronida

A

horseshoe worms

coelomate

use lophophore for feeding, have U-shaped gut, secrete and live within a chitinous tube

69
Q

Brachiopoda

A

“clams”

have two calcified shells

use lophophore for feeding

70
Q

Mollusca

A

snails, slugs, clams, oysters, chitons, cuttlefish, octopuses,

71
Q

Turbellaria

A

only free-living flatworms

ciliated epithelial cells for movement, have eyespots

pharynx (muscular throat) in feeding

72
Q

Trematoda

A

flukes

all parasitic; resistant to digestive
enzymes and host immune responses

pathogen to humans: liver fluke

73
Q

Cestoda

A

tapeworms

all parasitic; resistant to digestive enzymes and
host immune responses, absorb food through skin

scolex - attachment organ (“head”)

proglottids - complete hermaphroditic

74
Q

Polychaeta

A

polychaetes

unusual and colorful forms, filter feeders that live in burrows

more cephalized than other annelids, have paired, fleshy,
paddle-like flaps on most segments- used for moving and gas exchange (parapodia)

trochophore larvae

75
Q

Oligochaeta

A

earthworms

hermaphroditic, join in opposite directions at the clitellum

76
Q

Hirudinea

A

leeches

mostly freshwater parasites, predators, and scavengers

hermaphroditic with clitellum

usually dorsoventrally flattened

77
Q

Polyplacophora

A

chitons

greatly reduced head, shell is segmented with 8 overlapping,
calcareous plates

foot used for locomotion
and for holding onto
substrates

78
Q

Gastropoda

A

snails and slugs

horny plate that forms a covering “door” when the snail withdraws into its shell (operculum)

many are herbivorous

79
Q

Bivalvia

A

clams, oysters, scallops, and mussels

strong adductor muscles pull shells together

Often have siphons, most are filter feeders

folded, ciliated gills, strong muscular foot

80
Q

Cephalopoda

A

octopuses, squids, cuttlefish, and nautilus

highly developed nervous system: giant axons, elaborate eyes, complex behavior

foot modified into grasping tentacles with suckers

BIOL 1030 (22 decks)

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