Topic 11a-11c Phylums and Groupings Flashcards

Question

C. Chiapoda

Answer 1

centipedes, one pair of legs per body segment carnivorous, mainly eating insects body with head and multisegmented trunk poison claws on first body segment

Answer 2

millipedes, 2 pairs of legs per segment inconspicuous head and multisegmented trunk Have tagma (segments are a fusion of 2 ancestral segments)

Answer 3

shrimp, lobsters, crayfish, crabs, isopods, barnacles two pairs of sensory antennae as first appendages biramous mandibulates Larva is called a nauplius

Answer 4

shrimp, lobsters, crayfish, crabs 10 walking legs, exoskeleton usually reinforced with calcium carbonate cephalothorax covered in carapace (a dorsal shield) Some have swimmerets, uropods, and/or telson

Answer 5

uniramous mandibulates paired jaws (mandibles) as mouthpart appendages after the antennae all appendages are uniramous (“singlebranched”) tracheal respiratory system Malpighian tubules for excretion

Answer 6

terrestrial and freshwater, few marine 3 body segments (head, thorax, abdomen), 3 pairs of legs on thorax only, 1 pair of antennae specialized mouthparts, wings attach to middle and posterior segment of thorax (2 pair) or on middle segment only (1 pair) Reduced second pairs of wings are halteres Fat body serves as food reservoir stages between molts called instars process of molting (ecdysis) controlled by molting hormone, or ecdysone

Answer 7

Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Orthoptera, Odonata, Isoptera

Answer 8

Arrow worms, ~70 species Translucent predators in marine plankton Interesting exception to the rule of taxonomic grouping

Answer 9

These are Lophotrochozoans

Answer 10

These are Ecdysozoans

Answer 11

Scalidiophora, Nematoda, Panarthropoda

Answer 12

All Scalidiophores are pseudocoelomate or acoelomate Spiny, eversible proboscis used for feeding Priapulida, (Loricifera + Kinorhyncha)

Answer 13

(Nematomorpha + Nematoda)

Answer 14

Onychophora, Tardigrada, Arthropoda

Answer 15

snails, slugs, clams, oysters, chitons, cuttlefish, octopuses Bilateral, true coelom, differentiated head 3 main body parts of muscular foot, visceral mass, and mantle Have a rasping tongue for feeding (radula) Have tubular structures that gather wastes from coelom (nephridia) Most have open circulatory system

Answer 16

telescopic bodies

Answer 17

11-segmented body

Answer 18

~1 mm, similar to Nematoda but bigger

Answer 19

Predators with hollow legs and chitinous cuticles

Answer 20

leeches mostly freshwater parasites, predators, and scavengers hermaphroditic with clitellum usually dorsoventrally flattened

Answer 21

Jointed appendages, chitinous exoskeleton

Answer 22

Chilopoda, Diplopoda

Answer 23

Spiders, horseshoe crabs, sea spiders Lack jaws, instead have chelicerae 2nd pair of appendages are pedipalps (pinchers or feelers) Other appendages are 4 pairs of legs

Answer 24

Horseshoe crabs Pedipalps look like legs 5 pairs of book gills, a carapace, and a telson (long "tail" spine)

Answer 25

Scorpions, spiders, mites, and ticks Carnivorous Chelicerae are fangs, often with poison gland 4 pairs of walking legs

Answer 26

Opiliones, Scorpiones, Aranea, Acari

Answer 27

harvestmen, or daddy longlegs oval, compact body with extremely long, slender legs most prey on insects and arachnids females have an ovipositor for laying eggs

Answer 28

Scorpions Most ancient group of terrestrial arthropods Pedipalps are pinchers

Answer 29

Spiders 2 body segments: prosoma and opisthosoma Pedipalps involved in copulation to transfer sperm Silk made from protein fluid forced from spinnerets (modified appendages at rear of opisthosoma)

Answer 30

Mites and ticks Chelicerae fused into a capitulum for piercing fused cephalothorax and abdomen ticks are blood-feeding ectoparasites that transmit many diseases in vertebrates

Answer 31

centipedes, one pair of legs per body segment carnivorous, mainly eating insects body with head and multisegmented trunk poison claws on first body segment

Answer 32

millipedes, 2 pairs of legs per segment inconspicuous head and multisegmented trunk Have tagma (segments are a fusion of 2 ancestral segments)

Answer 33

shrimp, lobsters, crayfish, crabs, isopods, barnacles two pairs of sensory antennae as first appendages biramous mandibulates Larva is called a nauplius

Answer 34

shrimp, lobsters, crayfish, crabs 10 walking legs, exoskeleton usually reinforced with calcium carbonate cephalothorax covered in carapace (a dorsal shield) Some have swimmerets, uropods, and/or telson

Answer 35

uniramous mandibulates paired jaws (mandibles) as mouthpart appendages after the antennae all appendages are uniramous (“singlebranched”) tracheal respiratory system Malpighian tubules for excretion

Answer 36

terrestrial and freshwater, few marine 3 body segments (head, thorax, abdomen), 3 pairs of legs on thorax only, 1 pair of antennae specialized mouthparts, wings attach to middle and posterior segment of thorax (2 pair) or on middle segment only (1 pair) Reduced second pairs of wings are halteres Fat body serves as food reservoir stages between molts called instars process of molting (ecdysis) controlled by molting hormone, or ecdysone

Answer 37

Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Orthoptera, Odonata, Isoptera

Answer 38

Bryozoans, or moss animals coelomate, aquatic, mostly marine lophophore for feeding secrete and live in a chitinous chamber (zoecium); may be reinforced with calcium carbonate adults are sessile and colonial, communicate chemically through pores in zoecia some nonprotostome characteristics: radial cleavage, secondary mouth, deuterostome-style coelom

Answer 39

“flatworms” acoelomate, ribbon-shaped, softbodied, flattened most are parasitic, some are scavengers and carnivores excretory system - small tubules lined with ciliated flame cells nerve cords and simple central nervous system hermaphroditic

Answer 40

Common, free-living freshwater pseudocoelmate animals Some parasites, some terrestrial jaws in pharynx, hydrostatic skeleton, ciliated, food-gathering organ on head (corona)

Answer 41

polychaetes, earthworms, and leeches coelomate fluid inside coelom of each segment acts as a hydrostatic skeleton partitions called septa most have bristles of chitin (setae) used to anchor to a substrate 2 excretory systems per segment, (metanephridia)

Answer 42

ribbon worms partially coelomate/partially acoelomate, similar to freeliving flatworms long muscular tube covered by a sheath, thrust out quickly to capture prey (proboscis) often large (up to many meters) excretory and nervous systems similar to flatworms. complete digestive system, closed circulatory system

Answer 43

horseshoe worms coelomate use lophophore for feeding, have U-shaped gut, secrete and live within a chitinous tube

Answer 44

“clams” have two calcified shells use lophophore for feeding

Answer 45

snails, slugs, clams, oysters, chitons, cuttlefish, octopuses,

Answer 46

only free-living flatworms ciliated epithelial cells for movement, have eyespots pharynx (muscular throat) in feeding

Answer 47

flukes all parasitic; resistant to digestive enzymes and host immune responses pathogen to humans: liver fluke

Answer 48

tapeworms all parasitic; resistant to digestive enzymes and host immune responses, absorb food through skin scolex - attachment organ ("head") proglottids - complete hermaphroditic

Answer 49

polychaetes unusual and colorful forms, filter feeders that live in burrows more cephalized than other annelids, have paired, fleshy, paddle-like flaps on most segments- used for moving and gas exchange (parapodia) trochophore larvae

Answer 50

earthworms hermaphroditic, join in opposite directions at the clitellum

Answer 51

leeches mostly freshwater parasites, predators, and scavengers hermaphroditic with clitellum usually dorsoventrally flattened

Answer 52

chitons greatly reduced head, shell is segmented with 8 overlapping, calcareous plates foot used for locomotion and for holding onto substrates

Answer 53

snails and slugs horny plate that forms a covering “door” when the snail withdraws into its shell (operculum) many are herbivorous

Answer 54

clams, oysters, scallops, and mussels strong adductor muscles pull shells together Often have siphons, most are filter feeders folded, ciliated gills, strong muscular foot

Answer 55

octopuses, squids, cuttlefish, and nautilus highly developed nervous system: giant axons, elaborate eyes, complex behavior foot modified into grasping tentacles with suckers

Topic 11a-11c Phylums and Groupings Flashcards

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