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BIOL 1030 > Topic 15: Animal Nutrition and Digestive System > Flashcards

Topic 15: Animal Nutrition and Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Carbs convert to ______

A

monosaccharides

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2
Q

Proteins convert to ______

A

amino acids

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3
Q

Lipids convert to ______

A

fatty acids and glycerol

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4
Q

fatty acids and glycerol are _____ energy sources and _____ building blocks

A

(major energy source)

major building block

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5
Q

amino acids are _____ energy sources and _____ building block

A

(minor energy source)

major building block

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6
Q

monosaccharides are _____ energy sources

A

(major energy source)

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7
Q

Intracelluar digestion has _____ digestive cavity

cells _______ food in sponges

A

No digestive cavity

cells take in and break down their own food (sponges)

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8
Q

Break down carbs

A

Amylases

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9
Q

Break down proteins

A

Acid digestion and proteases

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10
Q

Break down lipids

A

Emulsification by bile and lipases

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11
Q

organ with upper skeletal muscle, lower smooth muscle

A

Esophagus

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12
Q

Location of one sphincter in early digestive process

A

between esophagus and stomach

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13
Q

main function is acid digestion of proteins

A

Stomach

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14
Q

secrete HCl

A

parietal cells

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15
Q

secrete pepsinogen

A

chief cells

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16
Q

What cells are located in mucosa of stomach?

A

Parietal and chief cells

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17
Q

Pepsinogen function and source

A

Chief cells secrete pepsinogen which are activated to become pepsin and hydrolyze proteins

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18
Q

controls movement of chime from stomach to small intestine

A

Pyloric sphincter

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19
Q

mixture of gastric juice and food

A

chyme

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20
Q

main function is terminal digestion and absorption

A

Small intestine

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21
Q

3 parts of small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum, then ileum

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22
Q

active digestion occurs at this part (in small intestine)

A

Duodenum

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23
Q

food absorption into bloodstream at this part (small intestine)

A

Jejunum and ileum

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24
Q

consists of bicarbonate, amylases, proteases, and lipases

A

Pancreatic juice

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25
Q

emulsifies fat

comes from the liver and may be stored in gall bladder

A

Bile

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26
Q

cytoplasmic projections of villi

A

Microvilli

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27
Q

responsible for final disaccharide digestion

A

Brush border enzymes

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28
Q

_____ and _____ pass into blood capillaries with active transport

A

Monosaccharides and amino acids

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29
Q

Monosaccharides and amino acids pass into ___________ with ____________

A

blood capillaries with active transport

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30
Q

Food in bloodstream is first taken to ________

A

liver

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31
Q

free fatty acids and monoglycerides convert into this (in epithelial cells)

A

Triglycerides

32
Q

Where are triglycerides made

A

epithelial cells

33
Q

triglycerides combined with proteins

A

Chylomicrons

34
Q

these pass into lymphatic capillaries (enter bloodstream at neck veins)

A

Chylomicrons

35
Q

breaks down polysaccharides into smaller polysaccharides or maltose (in oral cavity)

A

Salivary amylase

36
Q

Salivary amylase breaks down _______ into _______ or _______

A

smaller polysaccharides or maltose (in oral cavity)

37
Q

break down polysaccharides into disaccharides or maltose

A

Pancreatic amylases

38
Q

Pancreatic amylases break down ______ into ______ or _______

A

polysaccharides into disaccharides or maltose

39
Q

breaks down proteins into small polypeptides

40
Q

Pepsin breaks down ______ into _______

A

proteins into small polypeptides

41
Q

break down polypeptides into smaller ones

A

Pancreatic trypsin and chymotrypsin

42
Q

Pancreatic trypsin and chymotrypsin break down ______ into _______

A

polypeptides into smaller polypeptides

43
Q

breaks down small polypeptides into amino acids

A

Pancreatic carboxpeptidase

44
Q

Pancreatic carboxpeptidase breaks down ______ into ______

A

small polypeptides into amino acids

45
Q

break small peptides into amino acids

A

Dipeptidases, carboxypeptidase, and aminopeptidase

46
Q

Dipeptidases, carboxypeptidase, and aminopeptidase break _______ into ______

A

small peptides into amino acids

47
Q

break down

A

Pancreatic nucleases

48
Q

Pancreatic nucleases break down ______ into ______

A

DNA and RNA into nucleotides

49
Q

break down nucleotides into nucleosides

A

Nucleotidases

50
Q

Nucleotidases break down ______ into ______

A

nucleotides into nucleosides

51
Q

break down nucleosides into nitrogenous bases, sugars, and phosphates

A

Nucleosidases and phosphatases

52
Q

Nucleosidases and phosphatases break down ______ into ______

A

nucleosides into nitrogenous bases, sugars, and phosphates

53
Q

break down fat globules into fat droplets

A

Bile salts

54
Q

Bile salts break down ______ into ______

A

fat globules into fat droplets

55
Q

breaks down fat droplets into glycerol, fatty acids, and glycerides

A

Pancreatic lipase

56
Q

Pancreatic lipase breaks down ______ into ______

A

fat droplets into glycerol, fatty acids, and glycerides

57
Q

Pepsin is located in the

58
Q

Dipeptidases, carboxypeptidase, and aminopeptidase are located in the

A

brush border

59
Q

Nucleotidases are located in the

A

brush border

60
Q

Nucleosidases and phosphatases are located in the

A

brush border

61
Q

Bile salts are located in the

62
Q

Lipase is located in the

63
Q

Begins with cecum, ends in rectum

Has no villi

Main function is refuse compactor

A

Large intestine

64
Q

Digestive function of large intestine

A

Only 4% of all absorption

65
Q

Main absorptions of large intestine

A

sodium, vitamin K, and water

66
Q

fermentation chamber or storage in some animals

First part of large intestine

67
Q

All vertebrates except _______ have a cloaca

A

eutherian mammals

68
Q

Cause feces to pass into rectum

A

Peristaltic contractions

69
Q

Termites digest cellulose with

A

Protozoan aid

70
Q

Rodents and lagomorphs digest cellulose with

A

Aid of bacteria in their cecum

71
Q

Only animal that has cellulase

A

silverfish

72
Q

have a divided stomach with cecum (fermentation vat) where protozoans and bacteria aid cellulose digestion

A

Ruminants (cows, deer, etc.)

73
Q

Source of all vitamin K for mammals

A

Intestinal bacteria

74
Q

Vitamin K is needed for

A

blood clotting

75
Q

lysine, tryptophan, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, valine (histidine in children)

A

Essential amino acids in humans

76
Q

Essential minerals in humans

A

Ca, P, I, Co, Zn, Mn, Mo, Se, Fe

BIOL 1030 (22 decks)

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