Topic A7 - Necrosis, Apoptosis Flashcards
What is necrosis?
The death of a circumscribed/restricted area as a result of a disease or injury
Passive cell death ⭢ The cell stops the vital function
How many main forms of necrosis is there? Name them.
6
1. Coagulative necrosis
2. Liquefactive necrosis
3. Gangrenous necrosis
4. Caseous necrosis
5. Fat necrosis
6. Fibrinoid necrosis
What is coagulative necrosis?
a type of cell death that occurs when blood flow to cells stops or slows, caused by ischemia or infarction.
It can occur anywhere in the body except the brain
What is liquefactive necrosis?
the dead cells partially or completely dissolve within hours of death. Then they transform into a thick, sticky liquid. The cells sometimes appear creamy yellow because pus is forming. Infections and lack of oxygen to your brain can cause liquefactive necrosis.
Result in transformation of the tissue into a liquid viscous mass
What is Gangrenous necrosis?
Gangrene is death of body tissue due to a lack of blood flow or a serious bacterial infection, commonly anaerobic bacteria.
It resembles the mummified tissue
Gangrene = Koldbrann
What is Caseous necrosis?
Caseous necrosis is a type of cellular death that occurs in tissues. Caseous means “cheese-like” and describes the crumbly, white appearance of the tissue after it dies
Caseous necrosis is caused by different infections in your body. When this happens, your body’s immune system responds to the infection, sometimes leading to necrosis, including caseous necrosis.
In caseous necrosis, the invaders are usually bacteria or fungi.
What is Fat necrosis?
When fat cells die, chemical reactions can leave chalky white deposits. This can occur in pancreatitis, when your pancreas releases chemicals that kill fat cells in your abdomen. In breast tissue, fat necrosis can occur after surgery or trauma.
What is Fibrinoid necrosis?
This type of necrosis occurs in the inner lining of your blood vessels, usually caused by immune-mediated vascular damage.
When these cells become damaged, lesions form, which can cause bruising and internal and external bleeding.
Causes for necrosis to develop:
External: Trauma, burns, frostbites, chemicals, toxins
Internal: Hypoxia, pancreatic enzymes
There are different microscopic changes for necrosis, which are called differently, name them:
1. Coagulation necrosis
2. Colliquation necrosis
How can coagulation necrosis be seen?
Sharp edges
Elevated and dry cut surface
Friable
The colour depends on the blood content
Has special forms of coagulation necrosis
Name the special forms of coagulation necrosis
1. Zenker necrosis
2. Caseation necrosis
3. Liponecrosis
4. Blackleg disease necrosis
What is Zenker necrosis?
Necrosis of skeletal muscles in acute infectious diseases, a necrosis of contractile elemnt of muscle cells.
Can happen due to: Vitamin E deficiency, vasoconstriction, burns, frost, trauma
What is caseation necrosis?
It is the fatty infiltration before a necrosis
What is liponecrosis?
Necrosis of fat tissue
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