A13 - Vascular changes and exudation in the acute inflammation Flashcards
What is acute inflammation?
It is the immediate response to an infection, It is characterized by the exudation of plasma proteins and fluids, and the migration of leukocytes, particularly the neutrophils, into the injured area. This acute inflammatory response is believed to be a defense mechanism aimed at the killing of bacteria, viruses, and parasites while still facilitating wound repair.
It is a protective process of the organism
What is the definition of inflammation, the parts of inflammation?
1. Circulatory disturbances
2. Exudate
3. Regressive changes
4. Proliferate changes
There are also 5 cardinal signs of inflammation
Name the cardinal signs of inflammation
Heat
Pain
Redness
Swelling
Loss of function
What is the aim of the acute inflammation?
To aid protection until immune response can take place, but also to:
- Dilute and activate
- Kill and seqeustrate
- Degrade the foreign body
- Provide wound healing
What is exudate?
Fluid that are slowly discharged from BLOOD VESSELS usually from inflamed tissues, into the nearby tissue. Exudate consists of:
- Proteins, usually a lot of it
- Enzymes
- Chemical mediators
- Inorganic substances
- Menkin’s substances
Exudate occurs because of the vascular permeability caused by the release of inflammatory mediators from the inflamed tissue
What is transudate?
They are fluids that pass through a membrane or squeeze through tissue or into the EXTRACELLULAR SPACE of TISSUES, usually in response to an injury.
What is vascular changes?
Vessels response to acute inflammation, characterized by 3 steps:
1. Vasodilation
2. Haemostasis
3. Increased permeability
Vascular changes starts shortly after an injury
What is vasodilation?
Small blood vessels adjacent(=next to) to the injury dilate, leading to increased blood flow to the area of inflammation, resulting in Redness and heat.
What is vasodilation induced and secreted by?
Induced:Histamine and Serotonin
Secreted: Mast cells and basophils
What is haemostasis?
It is the stopping of a bleed.
As the hemostasis develops, the leukocytes accumulate along the vascular endothelium and migrate through the vascular wall into the interstitial cavity.
What is increased vascular permeability?
It is the leakage of fluid. It is a decrease in the ability of the membrane to maintain a difference in oncotic pressure between the plasma and the interstitium.
Resulting in: Leaking of exudate into the extravascular fluid, which will result in an inflammatody oedema.
What is the outcome of an acute inflammation?
1. The return to normal structure
2. Healing by fibrsosis
3. Abscess formation
4. Progression
5. Chronic inflammation
