A15 - Proliferative processes during inflammation Flashcards
What is the proliferative process?
It is a reaction distinguished by an increase in the number of tissue cells, it leads to the production of new connective tissue fibres and develops as a chronic inflammation.
What are the proliferative changes?
First phase: Histiocytes are mainly present. If they are present in larger numbers they are pushed together and makes an epithelial arrangement called Epitheiloid cells
Later phases: We see monocytes and lymphoid cells
Long lasting cases: There is plasma present, leading to multipication of connective tissue and necrosis development
Can also develop to chronic inflammation
In which cases will an acute inflammation, developd to chronic inflammation?
1. The acute inflammatory response fails
2. If there are repeated episodes of acute inflammation
3. Prolonged exposure to potentially toxic endogen and exogen
4. autoimmunity
What is chronic inflammation?
A long-term inflammation that lasts for a prolonged period, the body will continue to send inflammatory cells even when there are no need for them.
Morphological features of chronic inflammation
1. Infiltration by mononuclear cells
2. Tissue destruction
3. Removal of damaged tissue, healing
Infiltration by mononuclear cells
They become predominant after 48 hours, they include:
Macrophages
Lymphocytes
Plasma cells
Macrophages: Scattered all over, becomes activated T-cells
Lymphocytes: Antigen activated
Plasma cells: Activated B-cells, which produces antibodies
Tissue destruction
Occurs due to inflammatory cells and persisting infection material
Removal of damaged tissue
they are the proliferative changes
Name proliferative changes which happens during chronic inflammation:
Fibrosis
Angiogensis
What is fibrosis?
Development of connective tissue, producing collagen fiobres and form scar tissue or collagen connective tissue
What is angiogenesis?
Formation of new blood vessels.
what is the angiogenesis driven by?
The angiogenesis is driven by several angiogenetic factirs, but the most important ones are: VEGF and FGF
What is VEGF?
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
VEGF increases vascularity at the site of inflammation, causing the reaction to be more severe
What is FGF?
Fibroblast Growth factor
are involved in many diseases with inflammatory features, suggesting a strong connection with the immune system
