Topic A4 - Haemostasis and shock

Question 1

What is haemostasis?

Answer 1

It is the bodys natural response to stop a bleeding

(The body forms a temporary plug to seal an injury)
⭢ To accomplish that, platelets that circulate in your blood stick to the damaged tissue and activate. That activation means they can “recruit” more platelets to form a platelet “plug” to stop blood loss from the damaged area

Question 2

Name the different events of haemostasis:

Answer 2

Primary haemostasis
Secondary haemostasis
Thrombus dissolution

Question 3

What happens during primary haemostasis?

Answer 3

Your body forms a temporary plug to seal an injury.

To accomplish that, platelets that circulate in your blood stick to the damaged tissue and activate. That activation means they can “recruit” more platelets to form a platelet “plug” to stop blood loss from the damaged area. That clot works much like a cork or bottle stopper, keeping blood in and debris or germs out. Primary hemostasis may also involve constriction (narrowing) of the damaged blood vessel, which can happen because of substances that activated platelets release.

Question 4

What happens during secondary haemostasis?

Answer 4

It stabilizes the plug,

This step, sometimes called coagulation, involves molecules in your blood called “coagulation factors.” Those factors activate in sequence, the “coagulation cascade,” which amplifies clotting effects as the sequence continues. Ultimately, the coagulation cascade forms a substance called fibrin. During this step, the platelet plug acts like bricks and the fibrin acts like mortar. Together, they form a solid, stable clot.

Question 5

What happens during thrombus dissolution?

Answer 5

Your body remodels the existing clot into a fibrin clot. Your body does that because blood clots are a temporary patch, not a permanent solution. That removal involves a process called fibrinolysis. During fibrinolysis, your body remodels the clot into the same kind of tissue that was there before the injury

Question 6

Name the different disturbances of the circulation:

Answer 6

Pre hemostasis = Decreased blood flow
Hemostasis = Blood flow is stopped
Post hemostasis = Start of the blood flow
Peristasis = Slow blood flow

Question 7

Name a mild case of circulatory disturbance:

Answer 7

Collapse

It is mild and lasts for a short time

Question 8

What is shock?

Answer 8

is a state of circulatory failure that happens when the organs and body tissues do not receive enough blood flow to support their oxygen and metabolic demands, putting them at risk of hypoxia and cellular injury.

Question 9

Name the different types of shock:

Answer 9

1. Cardiogenic
2. Hypovolemic
3. Blood maldistribution
4. Septic shock

Question 10

What is cardiogenic shock?

Answer 10

From acute of chronic heart failure

Question 11

What is hypovolemic shock?

Answer 11

From blood or fluid loss

Question 12

What is blood maldistribution shock?

Answer 12

From sepsis, anaphylactic shock or it might be neurogenic

Question 13

What is septic shock?

Answer 13

It is a life-threatening condition caused by an infection in the bloodstream (sepsis or blood poisoning) in which blood pressure falls dangerously low and many organs malfunction because of inadequate blood flow

Question 14

Name the phases of shock:

Answer 14

1. Non-progressive/compensated shock
2. Decompensated/progressive shock
3. Irreversible shock.

Question 15

Non-progressive/Compensated shock

Answer 15

The normal circulatory compensatory mechanisms eventually cause full recovery without help from outside therapy.

Question 16

Progressive/Deompensated shock

Answer 16

A progressive stage: Without therapy, shock worse until death.

Question 17

Irreversible shock

Answer 17

An irreversible stage: Shock progressed to an extent that all forms of known therapy are inadequate to save the life, even though, for the moment, the person is still alive.