Topic 8: Speciation Flashcards

1
Q

Speciation

A

an ancestral species splits into two or more descendants species that are genetically different from one another and can no longer interbreed.

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2
Q

Microevolution

A

Evolution at the population level (allele frequency)

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3
Q

Macroevolution

A

broad patterns of evolutionary change above the species.

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4
Q

Biological Species Concept (BSC)

A

species is a group of individuals that can interbreed producing viable offspring, and are reproductively isolated from other species. Based on the potential to interbreed.

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5
Q

Morphological Species Concept

A

based on their physical appearances or structural traits.

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6
Q

Ecological Species Concept

A

Defined by its role in the environment.

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7
Q

Phylogenetic Species Concept

A

The smallest group of indivduals that share a common ancestor.

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8
Q

Prezygotic Barriers

A

Blocks fertilization from occurring.
Habitat isolation
Temporal isolation
Behavioural Isolation
Mechanical Isolation
Gamete Isolation

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9
Q

Habitat Isolation

A

Two species occupy different habitats

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10
Q

Temporal Isolation

A

Species breed at different times

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11
Q

Behavioural Isolation

A

Courtship rituals are unique to species

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12
Q

Mechanical Isolation

A

Morphological differences prevent successful mating.

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13
Q

Gamete Isolation

A

unable to fertilize the other species egg.

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14
Q

Postzygotic Barries

A

Prevents a hybrid from developing into a viable adult.

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15
Q

Reduced Hybrid Viability

A

Gene of parents species impair the hybrids development or survival

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16
Q

Reduced Hybrid Fertility

A

Even if hybrid are vigorous, they may be sterile.

17
Q

Hybrid Breakdown

A

1st gen hybrid are fertile, but 2nd gen is feeble or sterile.

18
Q

Allopatric Speciation

A

A population is geographically divided into two or more isolated groups that are prevented from interbreeding. Creates a reproductive barrier.

19
Q

Sympatric Speciation

A

The evolution of a new species from an ancestral species while both continue to inhabit the same geographic region.

20
Q

Polyploidy Speciation

A

Changes in the number of chromosomes sets creates genetically distinct descendants that are reproductively isolated from parental forms

21
Q

Hybrid Speciation

A

Interbreeding between two related species creates genetically distinct descendants.

22
Q

Causes of Sympatric Speciation

A

Habitat Difference, Sexual Selection

23
Q

Allopolyploids

A

A species with multiple sets of chromosomes derived from the hybridization of different species. (double of parents)

24
Q

Autopolyploids

A

An individual with more than two chromosome sets, derived from one species.

25
Q

Hybrid Zones

A

Where the ranges of two speices overlap, allowing for limited interbreeding between genetically distinct populations.

26
Q

Outcomes of Speciation