Topic 6 - Genetic Engineering

Question 1

Give the process of genetic engineering

Answer 1

1) A useful gene is isolated (cut) from one organism’s genomes using enzymes
2) It is inserted into a vector, usually virus or bacteria plasmid
3) When the vector is introduce into the organism, the useful gene is inserted into the cell(s)

4) Sometimes this is carried out when the organism is at an early stage of development (e.g. embryo) so that it develops the characteristic

Question 2

What are some examples of genetic engineering?

Answer 2

• Bacteria modified to produce insulin for diabetes treatment
• GM crops for insect/disease resistance or yield/size
• Sheep to produce substances in milk to treat human diseases
• Gene therapy - genetic modification for inherited diseases

Question 3

Why is genetic engineering controversial?

Answer 3

There are worries about the long term effects of it - chnaging organisms genes could create unplanned problems passed on to future generations

Question 4

What are some cons of GM crops?

Answer 4

• Some say they could affect the number of wild flowers that live around them so v farmland biodiversity
• Not everyone is convinced they are safe - effects of eating on health
• Transplanted genes may get into the natural environment e.g. resistand weeds

Question 5

What are some pros of Gm crops?

Answer 5

• They are already being grown in some places with no problems
• The characteristics chosen can increase yield, food issues
• GM crops can supply nutrients