TOPIC 5 Flashcards
Functions of the urinary system
- regulation of BP
- production of hormones
- regulation of BGL
- excretion of wastes in urine
Ageing changes in the urinary function
- incontinence
- urinary retention
- contractility of detrusor muscle becomes impaired
Types of incontinence
Stress incontinence
- abdominal pressure on bladder increases and the pelvic floor cant counter pressure to stop urine leaking (coughing, laughing)
Urge incontinence
- detrusor muscle contracts instead of relaxing as bladder fills
Functional incontinence
- factors outside the urinary tract
Prostate gland
- purpose
- what to note about apperance
- secrete fluid rich in fructose to nourish sperm and contains prostaglandins
- size, shape, smooth surface, rubbery and elastic consistency, sensitivity (pain) and heart shaped with central groove
Genes that cause prostate cancer
- BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 genes
Subjective data - urinary symptoms
- frequency & urgency
- burning pain on micturition
- blood in urine
- colour and odour
- incontinence
- nocturia
Objective data - urinary
Inspection
- height/weight
- hygiene
Vital signs
- close attention to temp & BP
Bladder scan
Urinalysis
Fluid balance
Older adult - female hormone changes
- menopause
- uterus shrinks (decreased myometrium)
- cervix shrinks
- vagina shortens, narrows and less elastic
- pubic hair thin and sparse
Older adult - male hormone changes
- testicular tissue mass decrease
- testosterone levels decrease
- prostate enlargens
Genitalia subjective data
- urinary symptoms
- sexual activity
- contraceptive use
- STI
- immunisation histroy
- self examination
- menstrual history
- obstetric history
Genitalia - objective data
- discolouration
- hair distribution
- lesions
- discharge
- lymphatic drainage
-breast - lumps, pain etc - testis - descended, pain etc
Breast palpation
note - lump size, location, nipple retraction, tenderness, lymph nodes in immediate area
HPV - human papillomavirus
- appearance
- symptoms
- treatment/prevention
- pink/flesh coloured lesions
- soft pointed, moist warty papules
- asymptomatic
- NO CURE
- safe sex
- HPV vaccine
Cystocele
- appearance
- symptoms
- treatment/prevention
- standing will cause soft, round, anterior bulge
- pressure in vagina and pelvis
- vaginal bulge
- lower back pain, urine leakage, urgency, frequent UTI, pain during sex
- Pelvic floor exercises
- insertion of support device
Testicular torsion
- appearance
- symptoms
- treatment/prevention
- red, swollen scrotum
- one testis higher than the other due to rotation & shortening
- sever pain in testicle
- lower abdominal pain
- nausea and vomiting
- surgery
