Quiz 3 - Part 3

Question 1

What is a seizure

Answer 1

Sudden uncontrolled burst of abnormal electrical activity in the brain

Question 2

Body parts of a neuron

Answer 2

Cell body
Axon
Dendrites

Question 2

What can seizures cause

Answer 2

Temporary changes in…
Consciousness
Behaviour
Movements
Feelings

Question 3

2 types of neurons

Answer 3

Glutamate (excitatory)
GABA (inhibitory)

Question 4

2 main causes for seizures

Answer 4

Due to an Illness
OR
Due to Epilepsy

Question 5

Causes for a seizure due to Illnessess

Answer 5

• fever
• infection in CNS
• acid-base imbalance
• hypoxia
• brain tumour
• alcohol withdrawal

Question 6

Causes for a seizure due to epilepsy

Answer 6

• cerebrovascular disease/stroke
• congenital factors
• traumatic brain injury
• idiopathic
• dementia

Question 7

Types of seizures

Answer 7

Focal (one part of the brain) AND Generalised (all over the brain)

Question 8

What are the Stages of Seizures

Answer 8

1. Prodromal
   - days before seizure occurs
   - disturbed sleep
   - urinary and GIT issues
2. Aura (not always)
   - minutes or seconds before seizure
   - altered hearing/vision
   - deja vu
   - dizzy
   - difficulty speaking
3. Ictal
   - grand mal
   - petit mal
   - focal
4. Post-Ictal
   - Brain recovery
   - Can be days - immediate
   - very tired
   - confusion
   - headache

Question 9

Types of Generalised seizures

Answer 9

Grand-mal
- lose consciousness
- body stiffens
- bite down
- stop breathing
- “clonic’ - jerking movements
- cyanosis
- incontinent
- 1-3 minutes normal
- >5 medical emergency

Petit-mal
- no loss of consciousness
- Absence staring
- doesn’t respond
- won’t remember
- very short - seconds

Question 10

Seizure management

Answer 10

• Recovery position
• pillow under head
• remove restrictive items
• medicate

Question 11

What to do as a Nurse after a patient has a seizure

Answer 11

• Vitals
• Airway/breathing
• Neurological assessment
• Check for injuries
• Blood tests
• EEG