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NUR135 > Quiz 2 - Part 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 - Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Cognition?

A
  • Mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding
  • through thought, experience and the senses
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2
Q

Define cognitive function?

A
  • relating to or involving conscious intellectual activity (thinking, reasoning, remembering)
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3
Q

Ageing-related cognitive changes of the brain?

A
  • (40% of brain mass) Grey matter decreases
  • White matter volume decreases
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4
Q

Crystallised intelligence?

A

knowledge, skills, ability (general knowledge)

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5
Q

Fluid intelligence?

A

Reasoning and problem solving; processing and learning new information

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6
Q

Processing speed?

A

Speed at which cognitive activities are performed and speed of motor responses

Declines from 20s

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7
Q

Attention?

A

Ability to focus and concentrate.

Complex attention tasks decline with age

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8
Q

Selective attention?

A

Ability to focus on selected information in the environment (driving)

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9
Q

Divided attention?

A

ability to focus on multiple tasks simultaneously (talking on phone while doing task)

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10
Q

Memory type 1 - Declarative memory (explicit)

A

conscious recollection of facts and events (recollection of personally experienced events from a specific time and place)

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11
Q

Memory type 2- Nondeclarative memory (implicit)

A

outside of a person’s awareness (familiar song, riding a bike)

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12
Q

Normal neurocognitive changes - Visuospatial abilities

A

Ability to understand space in two and three dimensions. Remain stable while ageing

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13
Q

Normal neurocognitive changes - Construction abilities

A

Ability to put together parts to make a coherent whole (assembling a piece of furniture)
Declines with ageing

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14
Q

Executive Functioning includes?

A
  • Self monitor
  • be mentally flexible
  • use abstract thinking
  • plan
  • organise
  • reason
  • make decisions
  • problem solve
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15
Q

Ageing/cognition that stays stable?

A
  • Ability to appreciate similarities
  • reason about familiar materials
  • describe abstract meaning of proverbs
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16
Q

Ageing/cognition that declines?

A
  • Concept of formation, abstract thinking, mental flexibility
  • ability to inhibit an automatic response in favour of a novel response
  • abilities requiring a speedy motor response
    inductive reasoning (verbal and mathematical tasks)
17
Q

Dementia

A

A syndrome

Affects cognitive function

Typically long prodromal phase

No known cure

18
Q

Types of dementia?

A

Alzheimers Disease
- progressive

Vascular Dementia
- problems with blood circulation to the brain

Lewy Body Disease
- Development of Lewy Bodies in brain
- Cognitive changes with visual hallucinations
- Parkinsonism - stiffness, slowness, tremor

Frontal Temporal Lobe Dementia (FTLD)
- Affects language, judgement, empathy

19
Q

Dementia early stage symptoms?

A
  • Forgetfulness
  • losing track of time
  • becoming lost in familiar places
20
Q

Dementia middle stage symptoms?

A
  • forgetting recent events and peoples names
  • becoming confused at home
  • communication difficulties
  • needing help with personal care
  • experiencing behaviour changes (wandering, repeated questions)
21
Q

Dementia late stage symptoms?

A
  • becoming unaware of the time and place
  • difficulty recognising familiar people
  • needing assisted self-care
  • difficulty walking
  • potentially escalating behvaiour changes
22
Q

Delirium

Onset and mental state

A
  • Acute onset
  • fluctuating mental state
23
Q

Predisposed people to develop delirium?

A
  • Older people
  • severe illness/surgery
  • infection
  • dehydration
  • medications
24
Q

Delirium sub-type HYPOACTIVE

A
  • passive, inactive, drowsy facial expressions
25
Q

Delirium sub-type HYPERACTIVE

A
  • fast, loud speech, aggressive behaviours
  • hallucinations or delusions
26
Q

Delirium sub-type MIXED

A
  • elements of both hypoactive and hyperactive fluctuating between the two
27
Q

Delirium sub-type NORMAL PSYCHOMOTOR

A
  • altered cognition (disorientation, language disturbance) while exhibiting normal levels of activity
28
Q

Generalised Delirium symptoms?

A
  • Inattention (distracted, can’t follow instructions)
  • Disorganised Thinking (rambling, incoherent speech)
  • Altered level of consciousness (range from hyperalert to coma)
29
Q

Symptoms of depression

A
  • low mood
  • loss of interest or pleasure in activities
  • sleep problems
30
Q

Dementia - Onset, Course, Duration, Consciousness, Attention, Psychomotor changes, Reversable

A

Onset - years
Course - progressive
Duration - months to years
Consciousness - Usually clear
Attention - normal
Psychomotor changes - Often normal
Reversable - NO

31
Q

Delirium - Onset, Course, Duration, Consciousness, Attention, Psychomotor changes, Reversable

A

Onset - acute
Course - fluctuating
Duration - days to weeks
Consciousness - Altered
Attention - impaired
Psychomotor changes - increased or decreased
Reversable - Usually

32
Q

Depression - Onset, Course, Duration, Consciousness, Attention, Psychomotor changes, Reversable

A

Onset - weeks to months
Course - chronic
Duration - months to years
Consciousness - clear
Attention - May be decreased
Psychomotor changes - may be slowed
Reversable - Usually

33
Q

Dementia - Mini Mental State Examination

Think of it as GCS on neurological assessment

A
  1. Orientation to time and place
  2. attention / concentration
  3. short-term memory (recall)
  4. language skills
  5. Visuospatial abilities
  6. ability to understand and follow instructions

NUR135 (18 decks)

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