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NUR135 > TOPIC 3 > Flashcards

TOPIC 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is located in the abdomen RIGHT UPPER quadrant

A
  • liver
  • Duodenum
  • head of pancreas
  • R kidney
  • part of ascending and transverse colon
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2
Q

What is located in the abdomen RIGHT LOWER quadrant

A
  • appendix
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3
Q

What is located in the abdomen LEFT UPPER quadrant

A
  • stomach
  • spleen
  • left lobe of liver
  • body of pancreas
  • L Kidney
  • part of transverse and descending colon
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4
Q

What is located in the abdomen LEFT LOWER quadrant

A
  • part of descending colon
  • sigmoid colon
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5
Q

Anatomical considerations of NEWBORNS

A
  • liver takes up proportionately more space in abdomen
  • urinary bladder located higher in abdomen
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6
Q

Anatomical considerations in EARLY CHILDHOOD

A
  • Abdominal wall is less muscular
  • urinary bladder located higher in abdomen
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7
Q

Anatomical considerations in OLDER ADULT
GIT tract

A
  • salivation decreases (dry mouth, decreased taste)
  • liver size decrease
  • colon slows
  • urge to empty bowl may be decreased
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8
Q

What is a Normal Bowel Function

A
  • opening bowels as much as 3x a day or as little as 3x a week
  • motion should pass without straining and feeling of complete emptiness
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9
Q

What is constipation

A
  • difficulty passing stool
  • infrequent bowel movements (less 2x a week)
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10
Q

Types of constipation

A

Functional - normal transit constipation

Mechanical - obstructive emptying (IBD)

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11
Q

What is bowel obstruction

A
  • when lumen of the bowel becomes either partially or completely blocked
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12
Q

Common causes of constipation in OLDER ADULTS

A
  • decrease in physical activity
  • inadequate intake of water
  • low fibre diet
  • side effects of medication
  • IBS
  • difficulty ambulating
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13
Q

Signs and symptoms of CONSTIPATION

A
  • abdominal distension
  • abdominal discomfort
  • trouble passing stool
  • straining when opening bowels
  • feeling not completely empty
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14
Q

Constipation management

A

Fibre intake
Men - 30mg/day
Women - 25mg/day

Fluid
Men - 2.6L/day
Woman - 2L/day

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15
Q

Faecal softening laxatives…
Example
Mode of Action
Dose
Effects

A

Docusate

M - Causes mixture of water and fatty substances in faecal mass making them softer

D - 50-150mg 1/2x daily

E - nausea, diarrhoea, abdominal cramps

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16
Q

Osmotic laxatives…
Example
Mode of Action
Dose
Effects

A

Glycerol suppositories

M - Increase volume of fluid in intestinal lumen to induce peristalsis

D - 2.8g 1x daily

E - flatulence, abdominal discomfort, cramps

17
Q

Stimulant laxatives…
Example
Mode of Action
Dose
Effects

A

Senna

M - Increase peristalsis by irritating sensory nerve ending in intestinal mucosa

D - 7.5mg-30mg nocte (at night)

E - diarrhoea, abdominal cramps

18
Q

What are some SMALL bowl obstructions symptoms

A
  • Pain, cramping in upper abdomen
  • inability to pass faeces
  • vomiting
  • inability to pass flatus
19
Q

What are some LARGE bowl obstructions symptoms

A
  • constipation that becomes worse
  • distended abdomen
  • cramping pain in lower abdomen
  • vomiting
  • inability to pass flatus
20
Q

People who are at risk of bowel obstruction

A
  • have had abdominal surgery
  • Crohns disease
  • abdominal/intestinal cancer
  • diverticulitis
21
Q

Bowel obstruction management in the hospital as a nurse

A
  • A-E survey
  • IV fluids
  • Pain relief
  • nasogastric tube
  • surgery
22
Q

Common causes of nausea and vomiting

A
  • Illness
  • GORD
  • Migraine
  • Medications
  • Kidney stones
  • Allergies
  • Post-operative
23
Q

GIT assessment - SUBJECTIVE data

A
  • Appetite
  • Dysphagia
  • Food intolerance
  • abdominal pain
  • bowel habits
  • medication
24
Q

GIT assessment - OBJECTIVE data

A
  • Vital signs
  • Abdominal assessment
  • pain assessment
25
Q

Layer of the heart

A
  • Pericardium
  • Myocardium
  • Endocardium
26
Q

Cardiac output?

A

CO= HR X SV

27
Q

Older Adult - haemodynamic changes

A
  • thickening and stiffening arteries (increase BP)
  • L Ventricle wall thickens
  • increased risk of bundle branch block
28
Q

What is hypertension

A

BP 140/90 or higher

29
Q

Cardiovascular assessment - SUBJECTIVE DATA

A
  • chest pain
  • fatigue
  • cough
  • past cardiac history
  • family cardiac history
30
Q

Additional history questions to ask for INFANTS (Cardiovascular system)

A
  • Maternal health during pregnancy
  • Feed pattern (changes)
  • Growth and activity meeting developmental milestones
31
Q

Additional history questions to ask for CHILDREN (Cardiovascular system)

A

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NUR135 (18 decks)

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