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NUR135 > TOPIC 2 > Flashcards

TOPIC 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Australian Poison Classification Schedule

A

Schedule 2
Schedule 3

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2
Q

7 Rights of Drug Administration

A
  1. Right person
  2. right medication
  3. right dose
  4. right route
  5. right time
  6. right documentation
  7. right reason
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3
Q

Definition Pharmacology

A

Study of history, physical and chemical properties of drugs/medicines.

How medications affect living systems

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4
Q

Definition Medication

A

Substances used for diagnosis, treatment, cure, relief and/or prevent illness/disease

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5
Q

Definition Pharmacodynamics

A

Study of the biochemical, physiological and molecular effects of medication

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6
Q

Definition Pharmacokinetics

A

Study of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of medication

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7
Q

Definition Pharmacogenetics

A

Study of genetic factors that influence how a medication works on an individual

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8
Q

Routes of medication administration

A

Oral - PO
- easiest, prolonged effect
- slower onset, limited by gastric and liver breakdown

Sublingual (SL or subling)
- quickly absorbed, quick onset
- mistakenly swallowed or washed down with fluids

Buccal
- quickly absorbed, quick onset
- mistakenly swallowed or washed down with fluids, oral irritation

Inhaled
- large area of absorbency, rapid onset
- good technique, short effect

Eye
- easily administered
- good technique required

Nasal
- locally effective
- ineffective if over-sued

Ear
- locally effective
- good technique required

Topical
- prolonged effect
- easily removed

Rectal
- very effective
- consumer resistance

Vaginal
- good local effect
- consumer resistance

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9
Q

Medication consideration of the older adult

A

Altered drug receptor interaction
- Brain receptors become more sensitive
- drugs become potent

Altered metabolism
- liver mass shrinks
- enzymes lose ability to process some drugs - prolonging drug half-life

Altered absorption
- gastric emptying rate and GIT motility slow

Altered circulation
- vascular nerve control is less stable (dropping BP/HR etc)

Altered excretion
- Blood flow and waster removal slow
- drugs stay in the body longer

Distribution
- lean body mass falls
- adipose stores increase

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10
Q

Simple analgesia (PARACETAMOL) - mode of action
dose
effects

A

M - Activated descending serotonergic pathways and inhibist prostglandin synthesis

D - 1g 4x daily (max 4g)

E - nausea, dyspepsia

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11
Q

NSAIDS
(IBUPROFEN) -
mode of action
dose
effects

A

M - inhibits COX preventing production and release of prostaglandins

D - 220mg-400mg 6-8x daily (max 1200mg)

E - gastric irritation, bronchoconstriction

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12
Q

What is Pain

A

Nociceptors that are sensory receptors that detect signals from damaged tissue or the treat of damage
(noxious stimuli)

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13
Q

Where are nociceptors found?

A

Skin, muscle, joints, bone, viscera

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14
Q

What are the sources of pain?

A

Visceral
Somatic
Deep somatic
Cutaneous somatic
Referred pain

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15
Q

What is Visceral pain

A
  • from direct injury/stretching of interior organs
  • dull, deep, cramping
  • poorly localised
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16
Q

What is Somatic pain

A
  • injury to musculoskeletal tissue/skin
  • superficial, constant, intermittent
  • aching, throbbing, cramping
  • well localised
17
Q

What is Deep Somatic pain?

A
  • Originates from joints, tendons, bone and muscle
  • aching
  • well localised
18
Q

What is Cutaneous somatic pain?

A
  • Originates from injury to the skin surface and subcutaneous tissue
  • sharp, stinging, throbbing
  • Well localised
19
Q

what is referred pain?

A

Pain that is felt at a particular site but originates from another location.
- Both sites innervated by same spinal nerve

20
Q

What are the types of pain?

A
  • acute
  • chronic
  • breakthrough pain
  • complex regional pain syndrome
21
Q

What is Acute pain?

A
  • Short term (< 3months)
  • can be recurrent (migraine, menstrual cycle)
  • warning individual of actual/potential tissue damage
22
Q

What is Chronic pain?

A
  • Long term (3-more months)
  • originates from abnormal processing of pain fibers
  • often source is unknown (arthritis, cancer)
23
Q

What is breakthrough pain?

A
  • a transient spike in pain level that is moderate to severe in intensity
24
Q

What is complex regional pain syndrome?

A
  • chronic progressive nerve condition
  • pain, swelling, stiffness
25
Q

PQRST

A

Provoking factors
- when did it start?
- what makes it worse?

Quality
- can you describe the pain?

Radiation
- where is the pain?
- doe sit spread to other places?

Severity
- scale 1-10

Timing
- how often do you get this pain?
- how long does it last?

26
Q

What types of pain assessment tools are there?

A
  • Numeric pain scale
  • Wong Baker smiley faces scale (3-up)
  • FLACC behavioral pain scale (non-verbal patients who can’t self report pain)
27
Q

What is the role of the neurovascular system

A
  • regulating blood-brain barrier permeability
  • regulating cerebral blood flow
  • involved in normal functioning and information processing
28
Q

What is the role of the peripheral vascular system?

A
  • Responsible for transporting fluids (blood and lymph)
  • Carrying oxygenated blood from heart to peripheries
  • Carrying deoxygenated blood from peripheries to the heart
29
Q

What is Venous Thromboembolism

A

Blockage of a blood vessel by a blood clot dislodged from its site of origin

30
Q

Criteria for a neurovascular assessment to be performed

A
  • Musculoskeletal trauma (fracture)
  • Post surgery
  • Restrictive plaster, cast, bandages
  • Burns
  • Signs of inflammation or infection of a limb
31
Q

5 P’s of signs of neurovascular compromise

A

Pain
Pallor
Pulselessness
Paraesthesia
Paralysis

32
Q

Early finding of neurovascular deficit

A
  • Pain that is unrelieved by narcotics
  • Paraesthesia causes diminished sensation
  • When palpating a tense compartment with a tight, firm feeling of limb
33
Q

Late finding of neurovascular deficit

A
  • Decreased in movement
  • Colour changes due to poor perfusion (mottled, purple, pale)
  • Absence of pulses
  • Temperature decreased of limb
34
Q

Management of neurovascular compromise

A
  • removal of restrictive bandages, casts, plasters
  • elevate affected limb above heart
  • increased frequency of observations
  • request for MET

NUR135 (18 decks)

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