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NUR135 > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What Scheduling of medications does Australia use?

A

Schedule 2: Pharmacy medicines
Schedule 3: Pharmacist only medicines

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2
Q

What are the 7 Rights to Medication Administration?

A
  1. Right Person
  2. Right Medication
  3. Right Dose
  4. Right Route
  5. Right Time
  6. Right Documentation
  7. Right reason
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3
Q

What are some medication considerations for the Older Adult?

A
  • Drug receptor interactions: drugs can be more potent
  • Metabolism: emzymes lose ability to breakdown drugs increasing length they are in body for
  • Absorption: easier to OD
  • Circulation: vascular nerve control is less stable
  • Excretion: slower waste removal
  • Distribution
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4
Q

What is Pain?

A

Pain in nociceptors interpreting messages sent by the brain regarding stimuli
- response to noxious stimuli
- can be found in skin, muscle, joints, bone, viscera

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5
Q

What are some sources of pain?

A
  • Visceral
  • Somatic
  • Deep Somatic
  • Subcutaneous Somatic
  • Referred Pain
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6
Q

What is Visceral pain?

A
  • caused by a direct injury
  • poorly localised
  • deep, dull, cramping
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7
Q

What is somatic pain?

A
  • injury to musculoskeletal tissue/skin
  • deep, superficial, constant, intermitten
  • aching, throbbing, cramping
  • well localised
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8
Q

What is Deep somatic pain?

A
  • injury to tendons, joints, bone, muscle
  • aching pain
  • well localised
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9
Q

What is Subcutaneous somatic pain?

A
  • injury to the skin and subcutaneous tissue
  • sharp, sting, throbbing
  • well localised
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10
Q

What is referred pain?

A
  • pain felt in one site of the body but originates from another location on the body
  • both sites are innervated by the same spinal nerve thus the brain cant differentiate where the pain is located
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11
Q

What are some types of pain?

A
  • Acute
  • Chronic
  • Breakthrough pain
  • Complex regional pain syndrome
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12
Q

What is acute pain?

A
  • short term (less than 3 months)
  • self protective purpose - warning for potential issue
  • can be recurrent (migraine)
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13
Q

What is chronic pain?

A
  • longer term (more than 3 months)
  • abnormal processing fibres in peripheral or central sites
  • source can be unknown (cancer, arthritis)
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14
Q

What is breakthrough pain?

A

Transient spike in pain level which is moderate to severe

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15
Q

What is complex regional pain syndrome?

A

Chronic progressive nerve condition
- pain swelling, discolouration

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16
Q

PQRST

A

Provoking factors
Quality of pain
Radiation of pain
Severity
Timing

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17
Q

CHILDREN - Medical considerations when they are in pain

A
  • focus on behavioural cues
  • difficult time differentiating between noxious stimuli and non noxious stimuli
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18
Q

OLDER ADULT - what can pain cause

A
  • decreases activity
  • decreases mood (depression, anxiety)
  • reduced sleep quality/duration
  • interference of ADLs
  • pain processing can be altered by dementia
19
Q

What are some pain assessment tools?

A
  • Numerical pain scale
  • FLACC behavioural pain scale
    (Facial expressions, leg movements, activity, cry, consolibility)
  • Wong-Baker smiley faces
20
Q

What does the Neurovascular system consist of?

A

Vascular and nervous system combined
- regulates blood-brain barrier
- normal functioning and information processing - movement, feelings, sensations
- sympathetic and non-sympathic NS (Autonomic NS)

21
Q

What does the Peripheral Vascular system consist of?

A

Blood vessel in the body (arteries, arterioles, veins, venules, capillaries)
- increases BP
- enlargement of intramuscular veins causing risks to thrombosis and pulmonary emboli

22
Q

What are the 5 Ps?

A

Pain, pallor, paraesthesia, paralysis, pulselessness

23
Q

What are some early symptoms of neurovascular compromise?

A
  • pain/eodema unrelieved by narcotics
  • paraethesia
  • palpating feels tight and firm
24
Q

What are some later symptoms of neurovascular compromise?

A
  • decrease movement
  • colour related poor perfusion
  • absent pulse even with doppler
  • decreased temperature
25
Q

What are 7 steps included on a Neurovascular Observation Chart?

A
  1. Colour (natural, pale, mottled, cyanotic)
  2. Sensation (absent, numb, tingling)
  3. Movement (assess active and passive ROM)
  4. Pulse (dorsalis pedis, posterior tibia)
  5. Temperature (warm, hot, cool, cold)
  6. Capillary Refill (less than 2 seconds)
  7. Pain (at rest, during ROM)
26
Q

What is Pharmacokinetics?

A

The study of Absorption, Metabolism, Distribution and Excretion of medications in the body

27
Q

How does Paracetamol work?

A

activates descending serotonergic pathways and inhibits postglandin synthesis

28
Q

What is the Clinical reasoning cycle?

A

Process of gathering relevant objective and subjective data through…
- setting priorities
- evaluating outcomes
- learning from reflection

29
Q

What are the RN Standards of Practice?

A
  1. Think critically and analyse
  2. engage in therapeutic and professional relationships
  3. maintain capacity for practice
  4. comprehensively conduct assessments
  5. develop plan for nursing practice
  6. provide safe, appropriate, responsive care
  7. evaluate outcomes
30
Q

What are the NSQHS standards?

A
  1. Clinical governance
  2. Partnering with consumers
  3. preventing and controlling infections
  4. Medication safety
    5.comprehensive care
  5. communication for safety
  6. Blood management
  7. recognising and responding to acute deterioration
31
Q

What is a systems approach?

A
  • Head to toe assessment
  • Physical assessment components
    Inspection
    Palpation
    Percussion
    Auscultation
32
Q

What is the A-E Primary survey?

A

Airway (talking? speaking full sentences? normal breathing sounds?)

Breathing (RR, SpO2, effort breathing? abnormal breath sounds? Irritable or confused?

Circulation (BP, Pulse, HR, dizzy when lying or standing?)

Disability (mental health status, consciousness, current medications?)

Exposure (T, head to toe assessment, wounds, bleeding, bruising?)

33
Q

What are the types of physical assessments?

A

Initial/comprehensive
- set baseline for future comparison

Problem focused
- ongoing
- determine nature of identified ‘problem’

Ongoing
- compare current vitals to base line

Emergency
- identify/explore life-threatening issue

34
Q

What are some consideration when giving a Physical Assessment?

A

Developmental Considerations
- physical growth
- psychosocial
- cognitive (development/impairment)

Cultural
- religion/spirituality
- ethnicity

Additional
- involve patient
- know your patient

35
Q

What can musculoskeletal conditions affect?

A

Joints, muscle, bones

36
Q

What impacts can musculoskeletal conditions have?

A
  • Loss of function and independence
  • chronic pain
  • psychological impact
  • social isolation
  • financial strain
37
Q

What is a Strain and what are the symptoms?

A

Overstretching or tearing of a tendon (lower back, groin, hamstring)

Symptoms:
- Muscle spasm, bruising, pain, swelling, limited flexibility, difficulty using full ROM

38
Q

What is a Sprain and what are the symptoms?

A

Overstretching or tearing of a ligament (ankle)

Symptoms:
- muscle spasm, pain, swelling, bruising, limited flexibility, difficultly using full ROM

39
Q

What is a 1st Degree Sprain?

A

Overstretched ligament NOT torn

Symptoms:
- mild pain and swelling
- stiffness and instability

40
Q

What is a 2nd Degree Sprain?

A

Tear of specific ligament

Symptoms:
- large amount of oedema and bruising
- moderate pain and loss of motion
- cannot weight bare

41
Q

What is a 3rd Degree Sprain?

A

Complete tear of ligament

Symptoms:
- severe oedema and pain
- extreme loss of motion
- increased pain during movement

42
Q

Oestoarthritis, symptoms and management

A

non-inflammatory degenerative disease
- begins with main load bearing joints (hips, knees)
- inflammation of the joints that causes cartilage weakness/eroding that no longer can protect the surface of the bone

Symptoms:
- localised joint pain
- paraesthesia
- decreased ROM
- enlarged joints

Management:
- physical activity
- medications
- weight management

43
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis, Symptoms and Management

A

Autoimmune and systemic inflammatory condition
- impacts joints and surrounding tissue
- inflammation leads to thickening -> fibrosis of joints

Symptoms:
- heat
- redness
- pain on movement
- swelling
- fatigue
- weight loss

Management
- medications
- surgery
- stress reduction

44
Q

Wound Assessment - T.I.M.E

A

Tissue: viable? slough?

Infection: odema? inflammation?

Moisture: imbalance?

Edge of wound: maceration? advancing?

NUR135 (18 decks)

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