Topic 4---A: DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis- 3. RNA and Protein Synthesis

Question 1

What is protein synthesis?

Answer 1

It’s the production of proteins from the information contained within a cells DNA

Question 2

What are the 2 main stages in protein synthesis?

Answer 2

Transcription
Translation

Question 3

Transcription (defintion)

Answer 3

Where the DNA code is copied into a molecule called mRNA

Question 4

Translation (definition)

Answer 4

Where the mRNA joins with a ribosome and the code it carries is used to synthesise a protein

Question 5

What are the different types of RNA?

Answer 5

• mRNA
• tRNA

Question 6

mRNA (messenger rna)

Answer 6

• Made during transcription
• It carries the genetic code from the DNA to the ribosomes where it’s used to make a protein during translation.
• Its a single polynucleotide strand
• Groups of 3 adjacent bases are called codons

Question 7

tRNA (transfer rna)

Answer 7

• tRNA is involved in translation
• It carries the amino acids that are used to make proteins to the ribosomes
• tRNA is a single polynucleotide strand thats folded into a clover shape
• There are hydrogen bonds between the specific base pairs that hold the molecule in place
• Sequence of 3 bases at one end (anticodons) and then has an amino acid binding site at the other end