Topic 4---A: DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis- 2. Genes and Chromosomes

Question 1

What does DNA contain?

Answer 1

Genes

Question 2

What is a gene?

Answer 2

Its a sequence of DNA bases that codes for a polypeptide or functional RNA

Question 3

What does the order of bases in a gene determine?

Answer 3

The order of amino acids in a particular polypeptide

Question 4

What is each amino acid coded for by?

Answer 4

A sequence of 3 bases in a gene called a triplet or codon.

Question 5

How to make a polypeptide?

Answer 5

DNA is first copied into mRNA (first stage of protein synthesis)

Question 6

What is functional RNA?

Answer 6

RNA molecules other than mRNA

Question 7

Genome

Answer 7

The complete set of genes in a cell

Question 8

Proteome

Answer 8

The full range of proteins that the cell is able to produce

Question 9

Introns

Answer 9

Genes that do code for polypeptides but contain sections that dont code for amino acids

Question 10

When are introns in eukaryotes removed?

Answer 10

During protein synthesis so they don’t affect the amino acid order

Question 11

What does prokaryotic DNA not have?

Answer 11

Introns

Question 12

Exons

Answer 12

All the bits of a gene that do codes for amino acids

Question 13

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 13

23

Question 14

Homologous pair

Answer 14

• They have the same genes but different alleles

Question 15

Where will alleles coding for the same characteristic be found?

Answer 15

At the same fixed position (locus) on each chromosome in a homologous pair.

Question 16

Name 2 types of non-coding DNA?

Answer 16

Multiple repeats and introns

Question 17

What is an allele?

Answer 17

A different form of a gene