Topic 4

Question 1

How can you measure CO?

Answer 1

ultrasound or catheterizations

Question 2

Why is Catheterizations the preferred method to measure CO?

Answer 2

provide both pressures and flows within the heart and vessels

Question 3

How can you indirectly measure SV?

Answer 3

ultrasound echocardiography

Question 4

What is an advantage and problem with Stroke work?

Answer 4

used to assess metabolic demand but hard to measure

Question 5

what are the four phases of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 5

ventricular filling, isovolumetric contraction, ejection and isovolumetric relaxation

Question 6

what is the difference of the cardiac cycle for the RV and pulmonary artery?

Answer 6

lower pressures

Question 7

what is CO?

Answer 7

amount of blood pumped out on each beat (SV) x heart rate (HR)

Question 8

What is the normal resting values of CO (changes based on size)?

Answer 8

4-8 liter/min

Question 9

when can CO dramatically increase?

Answer 9

exercise

Question 10

CO =

Answer 10

SV x HR

Question 11

SV =

Answer 11

EDV - ESV

Question 12

ejection fraction =

Answer 12

SV / EDV

Question 13

MAP =

Answer 13

DBP + PP/3

Question 14

systemic vascular resistance =

Answer 14

(MAP - CVP)/CO

Question 15

what influences CO?

Answer 15

heart’s work

Question 16

What is afterload and how can it help determine cardiac work?

Answer 16

chamber volume needed to eject blood against aortic pressure

Question 17

what is stroke work?

Answer 17

work performed during one beat

Question 18

how do you calculate stroke work?

Answer 18

area of PV loop

Question 19

rather than stroke work, what is a better way to compare work between individuals?

Answer 19

stroke work index = SW/body surface area

Question 20

stroke work is hard to measure so we use –

Answer 20

cardiac index = CO/body surface area

Question 21

What is EDV?

Answer 21

volume before contraction

Question 22

What is ESV?

Answer 22

minimal vol of ventricle after the max is squeezed out