Peripheral vascular diseases and anticoagulation

Question 1

pathophysiology of peripheral arterial disease is related to –

Answer 1

degree of stenosis and flow of velocity

Question 2

two types of PAD

Answer 2

intermittent claudication and severe leg ischemia

Question 3

cramping, aching and fatigue with exercise but immediately improves with rest

Answer 3

intermittent claudication

Question 4

nocturnal or rest pain, ulceration and even gangrene (hair loss over toes and toe nail thickening)

Answer 4

sever leg ischemia

Question 5

diagnosis for PAD

Answer 5

Doppler ultrasonagraphy

Question 6

thrombosis and inflammation of 1 or more superficial veins

Answer 6

superficial thrombophlebitis

Question 7

superficial thrombophlebitis is also called –

Answer 7

spider veins and varicose veins

Question 8

signs of superficial thrombophlebitis

Answer 8

localized pain, swelling, redness, and tenderness

Question 9

superficial thrombophlebitis increases the risk for –

Answer 9

DVT

Question 10

thrombosis and occlusion of a deep vein

Answer 10

deep vein thrombosis

Question 11

signs of deep vein thrombosis

Answer 11

leg pain, swelling, cyanosis, prominence of superficial veins

Question 12

DVT is highly correlated with –

Answer 12

pulmonary embolism

Question 13

diagnosis of DVT

Answer 13

contrast venography is gold std but compression US is more comfortable and common

Question 14

life style modification

Answer 14

PAD management

Question 15

control of comorbidities

Answer 15

PAD management

Question 16

anti-PLT drugs

Answer 16

PAD management

Question 17

angioplasty and stenting

Answer 17

PAD management

Question 18

mechanical thrombolysis (prevent blood pooling)

Answer 18

PVD management

Question 19

anticoagulation

Answer 19

PVD management

Question 20

compression stocking

Answer 20

PVD management

Question 21

venal caval filters (precaution: may dislodge)

Answer 21

PVD management

Question 22

to treat DVT, a IVC filter is placed through inferior vena cava with access through –

Answer 22

jugular vein or femoral vein

Question 23

function of elastic compression stockings

Answer 23

reduce swelling and prevent blood from pooling in leg veins

Question 24

guided by a contrast venogram, a catheter is inserted into the affected vein, the clot is broken up by a mechanical tool or a high-velocity liquid jet and aspirated

Answer 24

thrombectomy

Question 25

aspirin

Answer 25

anti-platelet

Question 26

other antiplatelets

Answer 26

placid, ticlid, aggrenox, brilinta

Question 27

warfarin (Coumadin)

Answer 27

anti-coagulant

Question 28

other anti-coagulants

Answer 28

heparin (Lovenox), pradaxa, eliquis, xarelto

Question 29

mechanism of anti-platelets

Answer 29

make platelets less sticky (same platelet #)

Question 30

mechanism of anti-coagulants

Answer 30

interfere with clotting factors

Question 31

aspirin for women 55-79

Answer 31

reduce ischemic stroke

Question 32

aspirin for men 45-79

Answer 32

reduce myocardial infarction

Question 33

aspirin precautions

Answer 33

gastrointestinal hemorrhage, retinal damage

Question 34

anticoagulants are recommended for conditions associated with risk of –

Answer 34

thromboembolism