Topic 3

Question 1

two major NTs in efferent PNS

Answer 1

Acetylcholine and Catecholamines

Question 2

Neurons that release ACh are called –

Answer 2

cholinergic neurons

Question 3

receptors sensitive to ACh

Answer 3

cholinergic receptors

Question 4

where is ACh released?

Answer 4

SNS neuromuscular junction (skeletal muscle), in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia, and from the parasympathetic postganglionic neurons

Question 5

examples of catecholamines

Answer 5

epinephrine and nor-epinephrine

Question 6

Neurons that release catecholamines

Answer 6

adrenergic neurons

Question 7

receptors sensitive to catecholamines

Answer 7

adrenergic receptors

Question 8

What releases Epinephrine (AKA adrenalin)?

Answer 8

adrenal medulla

Question 9

What releases Nor-epinephrine?

Answer 9

sympathetic postganglionic neurons.

Question 10

agonists mimic normal neurotransmitter function to –

Answer 10

activate downstream signal transduction pathways.

Question 11

What is the function of antagonists?

Answer 11

compete with and block normal neurotransmitter function

Question 12

What is almost always an antagonist?

Answer 12

anesthetics

Question 13

What is capable to use all receptor types?

Answer 13

smooth muscle

Question 14

In smooth muscle, what is the possible effect of one NT in one cell?

Answer 14

multiple actions

Question 15

What receptor is common in cardiac muscle?

Answer 15

G-protein coupled receptors

Question 16

Why doesn’t the transmitter molecule need to enter the cell to be amplified when using a G-protein coupled receptor?

Answer 16

produces intracellular second messengers

Question 17

examples of intracellular second messengers

Answer 17

like cyclic AMP, inositol trisphosphate (IP3) or diacylglycerol (DAG)

Question 18

What are two main classes of cholinergic receptors?

Answer 18

Nicotinic and Muscarinic

Question 19

What is Nicotinic class of receptors particularly sensitive to?

Answer 19

ACh and plant alkaloid nicotine

Question 20

What is Muscarinic class of receptors is particularly sensitive to?

Answer 20

ACh and the mushroom poison muscarine

Question 21

describe response of alpha adrenergic receptors

Answer 21

NE > E&raquo_space;> I (synthetic catecholamine isoproterenol)

Question 22

describe response of beta adrenergic receptors

Answer 22

I > E > NE

Question 23

What comprises the major adrenergic receptor subtype in most effector tissues?

Answer 23

alpha-1 receptors

Question 24

alpha-1 receptors comprise – of the receptors in the heart

Answer 24

only 0.2%

Question 25

where are alpha-2 receptors mainly found?

Answer 25

on pre-junctional nerve cells

Question 26

what is the function of alpha-2 receptors?

Answer 26

inhibit neurotransmitter release

Question 27

where is beta-1 receptors mainly found?

Answer 27

heart

Question 28

where is beta-2 receptors mainly found?

Answer 28

arterioles and coronary vasculature

Question 29

The effects of sympathetic stimulation depends on what?

Answer 29

receptor type
target organ
concentration and distribution