Congenital Heart Disease Flashcards
congenital heart disease abnormality in the cardiovasculatory structures at birth even –
if discovered later
half of CHD are diagnosed with the first few weeks of life and by age – almost all are diagnosed
five
about – have CHD
1% of children
origins of CHD
genetic or environmental
with the exception of Down’s syndrome, most CHD are –
not a simple inheritance pattern
two environmental origins
infection during pregnancy or ingestion of drug
infection during pregnancy
rubella syndrome
ingestion of drug
fetal alcohol syndrome
when a L to R shunt becomes bidirectional or R to L (–> CHF and sudden death)
Eisenmenger syndrome
patent foramen ovale seen in –
10-15% of adults with CHD
If patent foramen ovale has R to L shunting, it becomes significant because of –
paradoxical embolism
paradoxical embolism
embolus in the venous circulation –> arterial circulation
patent ductus arteriosus is common in –
preterm infants
clinical manifestations of patent ductus arteriosus depends on –
size and degree of increase in pulmonary circulation
patent foramen ovale needs –
surgical correction
patent ductus arteriosus needs –
closure
most common lesion in infants
ventricular septal defects
most VSD –
close off spontaneously
VSD is susceptible to –
endocarditis
aortic arch obstruction
coarctation of aortic
coarctation of aortic is more common in –
males
coarctation of aortic may lead to
HTN (extremities: upper = okay but lower = bad)
in coarctation of aortic, femoral pulses are –
reduced and delayed
chest x-ray of coarctation of aortic shows –
abnormal aortic knob
