CV 8

Question 1

T/F: many normal individuals have a sinus rhythm < 60 beats/min

Answer 1

true

Question 2

Who has faster heartbeats, children or adults?

Answer 2

children

Question 3

classify sinus tachycardia

Answer 3

impulse formation

Question 4

classify sinus bradycardia

Answer 4

impulse formation

Question 5

classify sick sinus syndrome

Answer 5

abnormal automaticity (bradyarrhythmias)

Question 6

classify bradyarrhythmias

Answer 6

abnormal automacity

Question 7

classify tachyarrhythmias

Answer 7

abnormal automaticity

Question 8

ectopic pacemaker foci: an ectopic focus depolarizes – and captures the ventricles producing a premature contraction

Answer 8

much earlier than SA node

Question 9

ectopic pacemaker foci can be –

Answer 9

atrial or junctional

Question 10

reentry: after a normal cardiac cycle, during the – a group of fibers discharge and re-excite areas that had just depolarized

Answer 10

refractory period

Question 11

reentry can be –

Answer 11

PSVT (paroxysmal supravenricular tachycardia), atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation

Question 12

PVC, ventricular tachycardia, Torsade de Pointe, ventricular fibrillation

Answer 12

ventricular complexes

Question 13

< 60 beats/min

Answer 13

sinus bradycardia

Question 14

when is sinus bradycardia normal?

Answer 14

physically active adults and during sleep

Question 15

if sinus bradycardia is associated with CHF or low CO, it requires –

Answer 15

temporary or permanent electrical pacing

Question 16

> 100 beats/min

Answer 16

sinus tachycardia

Question 17

when is sinus tachycardia normal?

Answer 17

children, physiological stress, pain, anxiety

Question 18

two types of sick sinus syndrome

Answer 18

persistent spontaneous bradycardia or bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome

Question 19

sick sinus syndrome: bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome usually indicates heart disease in the elderly and requires –

Answer 19

pacemaker insertion to prevent bradycardia and drugs to control tachycardia

Question 20

medical treatment of abnormal impulse formation

Answer 20

Ca2+ channel blockers and beta blockers

Question 21

premature complexes (abnormal automaticity) are usually –

Answer 21

benign

Question 22

narrow QRS with no apparent P

Answer 22

PSVT

Question 23

rate for PSVT

Answer 23

130-220 beats/min (regular)

Question 24

PSVT onset is sudden and stops abruptly hence paroxysmal and they can occur –

Answer 24

without heart disease

Question 25

atrial flutter - atrial depolarization

Answer 25

300/min

Question 26

atrial flutter can occur in

Answer 26

healthy, lung disease, pul embolism, alcoholism, hyperthyroidism, mitral valve disease

Question 27

ECG of atrial flutter

Answer 27

new saw

Question 28

treatment for atrial flutter

Answer 28

atrial pacing
cardioversion (if unstable patient)
antiarrhythmic drugs, Ca2+ channel blockers digitalis preparations)

Question 29

chaotic atrial activity without effective contraction

Answer 29

atrial fibrillation

Question 30

atrial fib may be –

Answer 30

paroxysmal (intermittent) or chronic

Question 31

prevalence of atrial fib –

Answer 31

1% > 60

5% > 69

Question 32

atrial fib is more common in –

Answer 32

men

Question 33

ECG of atrial fib

Answer 33

no P waves (no atrial activity or fine undulations) old saw

Question 34

lone atrial fib

Answer 34

a-fib in the absence of heart disease or risk factors

Question 35

a-fib treatment: cardioversion

Answer 35

(beta blockers and Ca+ channel blockers and defib)

Question 36

a-fib treatments

Answer 36

cardioversion
radiofrequency catheter ablation therapy
surgery (maze procedure)
anticoagulation

Question 37

cases that are paroxysmal, refractory to drugs or after resuscitation sudden cardiac arrest

Answer 37

radiofrequency catheter ablation therapy

Question 38

creating a surgically determined pathway to direct atrial activation to spread along

Answer 38

surgery (maze procedure)

Question 39

T/F: both antiplatelets and anticoagulants are used for anticoagulation

Answer 39

true

Question 40

maze procedure: complex arrangement of incisions creates lesions and ultimately scar tissues these areas –

Answer 40

block the abnormal electrical impulses from being conducted thru the heart

Question 41

due to ectopic ventricular foci

Answer 41

premature ventricular complexes