CV 2 Flashcards
According to the CDC, – of US adults have hypertension or are on antihypertensives
1 in 3
20% of patients have elevated BP only in the presence of a physician
white coat HTN
HTN prevalence rises progressively with – in both men and women
age
HTn has higher prevalence among – at any age
African Americans
– prevalence in Mexican Americans for most ages despite high obesity rates
low
T/F: there is a familial tendency for HTN
true (but not inherited)
should not – 30 min before bp measurement
smoke, drink caffeine, exercise
Do not take – stimulants before bp measurement
adrenergic
where is the arm during bp measurement?
heart level
if taking more than one bp measurement, –
take higher readings
cover – of arm circumference during bp measurement
80%
cover – of arm length during bp measurement
40%
take at least 2 reading and on both arms and repeat over -
3-4 weeks
inflate bladder – during bp measurement
30 mmHg above systolic
deflate bladder – during bp measurement
2-3 mmHg/sec
for weak Korotkoff sounds have patient – then measure bp
open and close hand 5-10 times
when taking bp measurement, watch for –
auscultatory gap
if the cuff is placed on too small –>
overread
If TOD is untreated, of all hypertensive patients, 50% will die of –
coronary heart disease or congestive heart failure
If TOD is untreated, of all hypertensive patients, – will die after a stroke
33%
If TOD is untreated, of all hypertensive patients, 10-15% will die of –
renal failure
urinanalysis
evidence of protein or blood
blood test to check for –
comorbidities (multiple diseases)
ECG to detect –
arrhythmia
chest x-ray to detect –
cardiomegaly
what is c-reactive protein?
blood marker in response to inflammation
bmi risk factor of HTN
> 30 kg/m^2
waist circumference risk factor of HTN
102 cm in men and 88 cm in women
drug therapy for > 60 years when –
systolic > 150 or diastolic > 90
drug therapy for < 60 years old or diabetes or kidney dysfunction when –
systolic > 140 or diastolic > 90
drug therapy: thiazide-type diuretic calcium channel block (CCB)
general black pop
drug therapy: thiazide-type diuretic calcium channel block (CCB), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE), angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)
general nonblack pop
most cases of HTN are –
primary/essential
what is the best diagnostic method?
BP measurement and screening
If untreated, HTN leads to –
major TOD in heart, eyes, brain, and kidneys
Treatment of HTN may involve
lifestyle modifications and drug therapy
