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Physio lecture > Topic 1 Introduction Abridged > Flashcards

Topic 1 Introduction Abridged Flashcards

1
Q

physis=
logos =

A

physis= nature
logos = study

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2
Q

____ structure of body parts and their relationships to one another

____ functions of the body’s structural machinery; the science of life

A

Anatomy

Physiology

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3
Q

Principle of Complementarity of ____ and ____

What a (1) can do depends on its specific form

A

Structure and Function

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4
Q

____Study of the large body structures

Subdivisions of (1)
____all structures in an area examined at the same time

____studied by system

____internal structures as they relate to underlying skin surface

A

Gross/ Macroscopic Anatomy

Regional Anatomy
Systemic Anatomy
Surface Anatomy

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5
Q

____ Not visible study of anatomy

Subdivisions of (1)
____ Study of cells
____ Study of tissues

A

Microscopic Anatomy (invisible)

Cytology
Histology

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6
Q

____ traces structural changes in an individual from conception through old age

____Only the development changes before birth

A

Developmental Anatomy

Embryology

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7
Q

____ Urine production and kidney function

____ Explains the workings of the nervous system

____ Examines the operation of the heart and blood vessels

____ Hormones

____ Mechanisms of disease

A

Renal Physiology

Neurophysiology

Cardiovascular physiology

Endocrinology

Pathophysiology

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8
Q

mechanical, physical, and biochemical function of humans

A

Human Physiology

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9
Q

Hierarchy of structural organization:

Atoms combined

Made of molecules

Similar types of cells

MAde up of different tissues

that work closely together

Made up of systems

A

Chemical

Cellular

Tissues

Organs

Organ system

Organismal

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10
Q

11 Organ systems of the body:

External body, skin, vitamin D

Supports body organs, framework

Muscles and tendons, locomotion

Fast-acting control system

Transports blood

Picks up fluid leaked, immunity

Blood supplied with oxygen

Breaks down food

Eliminates waste

Production of offspring

A

Integumentary System

Skeletal System

Muscular System

Nervous System

Cardiovascular System

Lymphatic System

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Urinary System

Reproductive system (male and female)

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11
Q

Necessary Life Functions (8)

A

Maintaining Boundaries

Movement

Responsiveness

Digestion

Metabolism

Excretion

Reproduction

Growth

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12
Q

Maintaining Boundaries

_____ Allow needed substances in while preventing harmful substances entry

A

Membrane

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13
Q

____ Done by the muscular system by the shortening of muscle also known as _____

A

Movement, Contractility

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14
Q

Ability to sense changes in the environment and react to them

Nervous system bears majority of the responsibility for responsiveness

A

Responsiveness (irritability)

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15
Q

____ Break down ingested food so it can be absorbed into the blood. Nutrient rich blood is distributed to the body through cardiovascular system

A

Digestion

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16
Q

_____ All chemical reactions that occur within the body cells

Breaking down compex substances into simpler building blocks ____

Making larger structures from smaller ones ____

Nutrients and oxygen to produce molecules of ____ also known as ____

A

Metabolism

Catabolism

Anabolism

ATP
Cellular Respiration

17
Q

Removing waste from the body

____ removes indigestible food residues in feces

____ disposes of nitorgenous waste in urine

A

Excretion

Digestive System

Urinary System

18
Q

____ Production of offspring

Cellular reproduction (___) produces 2 identical daughter cells

Organismal reproduction is _____

Organs produce ____ and ____ and is redualted by the endocrine system

A

Reproduction

Mitosis

Sexual Reproduction

Sperm and Egg

19
Q

Survival needs (5)

A

Nutrients (Food)

Oxygen ( 20% air)

Water (60 - 80%)

Temperature (37 C)

Atmospheric Pressure

20
Q

The ___ of the body

by ____

Describes how the human body maintains steady levels of temperature and other vital conditions

A

The wisdom of the body

Walter Cannon

21
Q

____ Ability of the body to maintain relatively stable internal conditions

Sometimes called a ____ (balance)

A

Homeostasis

Dynamic Equilibrium (balance)

22
Q

The three basic parts of homeostatic systems starting from a stimulus:
(+2 in-betweens)

Detects change(stimulus/stress) and sends input

Determines appropriate action

Causes response when triggered by output

A

Receptor

Input - afferent pathway

Control Center

Output - efferent pathway

Effector

23
Q

Negative Feedback Mechanism

The net effect is that the output of the system _____

or it shuts off the ____

The variable will change in a direction ____ to the initial change

body temp. breathing rate and depth, blood levels of glucose

A

decreases

original stimulus

opposite

24
Q

Liver regulates glucose through the use of ___ and glucose typically transforms into ___

A

Pancreatic Hormones

Glycogen

25
Q

____The physiological value around which the NORMAL RANGE fluctuates

Goal of negative feedback mechanisms ____

A

Set point

Prevent severe changes within the body

26
Q

Glucose levels negative feedback:

Stimulus:

The first organ ____ produces ____ which stimulates ____ formation in the ____ the second organ

the opposite can be true to rise it

A

Blood glucose levels up

Pancreas
Insulin
Glycogen
liver

27
Q

____ Enhances input and exaggerates the original stimulus so output is accelerated

A change that proceeds in the ___

Blood clotting, labor contractions

A

Positive Feedback systems

Same Direction

28
Q

Break or Tear in Blood vessel wall

Clotting occurs as ____ adhere to site and release chemicals

Released chemicals attract more

Clotting procceds until break is sealed by newly formed clot

A

Platelets

29
Q

head of baby pushes against the ___ which transmits nerve impulses

Brain stimulates the ___ to secrete ____ that stimulates uterine contractions

A

cervix

pituitary gland
oxytocin

30
Q

When a negative feedback loop is overwhelmed, a positive feedback loop takes over ____

A

Pathological situations

31
Q

Factors that may lead to a less stable internal conditions

A

age, Injury, disease, environmental changes, genetic mutations

32
Q

How much of a deviation from the set point is tolerated

____: How much of a deviation from the set point is needed for the sensor to detect

Time necessary for generation of the ____

How rapidly ____ respond to the signals

A

Sensitivity of the system

Nature of the stressor

Effector signals

Effector organs

Physio lecture (24 decks)

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