Cellular Homeostasis and Metabolism

Question 1

The concept of homeostasis was explained by ____

The word homeostasis
was coined by ____

Answer 1

Claude Bernard

Walter Bradford Cannon

Question 2

a self-regulating process by which a living organism
can maintain internal stability while adjusting to changing external conditions

Answer 2

Homeostasis

Question 3

to generate energy needed to power life sustaining cellular activities what do cells need?

Answer 3

nutrient
oxygen
elimination
of acid-forming carbon dioxide

Question 4

Food + Oxygen =

Answer 4

Carbondioxide + water + Energy

Question 5

What causes homeostatic imbalance?

Answer 5

failure of negative feedback processes

Question 6

Negative Feedback example

Answer 6

temperature regulation

Question 7

Animals that are capable of maintaining their body temperature within a given range are called

Answer 7

homeotherms

Question 8

____ located in ____detect temperature fluctuations in the body.

Answer 8

Thermoreceptors

hypothalamus

Question 9

Increased temperature
causes ____ (blood vessels near the surface of the skin dilate)

Decreased temperature causes ____ (blood vessels
constrict)

Answer 9

vasodilatation

vasoconstriction

Question 10

Negative Feedback (4)

Answer 10

Factor

Sensor

Integrating Center

Effector

Question 11

Factor: Blood Pressure Increases

Sensor

Integrating Center

Effector

Answer 11

Factor: Blood Pressure Increases

Sensor: Receptors in carotids

Integrating Center: Brain

Effector: Decrease Heart Rate

Question 12

occurs when the output of a system acts to enhance the changes of the input of the system

Answer 12

positive feedback loop

Question 13

Positive Feedback example

Answer 13

onset of
contractions in childbirth

Question 14

When a contraction occurs, the hormone ____ is released into the body, which stimulates further contractions.

This is called the ____ reflex

Answer 14

oxytocin

Ferguson

Question 15

What hormones do oxytocin produce?

Answer 15

Prostaglandins

Question 16

sum of chemical reactions that take place in living cells

Answer 16

Metabolism

Question 17

Metabolism in cells are carried out by the control of specialized proteins called ____

Answer 17

enzymes

Question 18

break down foodstuffs into smaller molecules, thereby generating both a useful form of energy

drive the synthesis of the
many other molecules that form the cell

Answer 18

Catabolic Pathway

Anabolic Pathway

Question 19

____ which states that the amount of disorder in
the universe must always increase is satisfied when the cell grows and divides.

Answer 19

the second law of thermodynamics which

Question 20

Raised brick to the floor

Answer 20

Potential energy due to position

Kinetic Energy

Heat Energy

Question 21

Two Hydrogen gas molecules, one oxygen gas molecules to heat

Answer 21

Chemical bond energy in H2 and O2

Rapid molecular motions of H2O

Heat Energy

Question 22

Battery to Fan

Answer 22

Chemical Bond Energy

Electrical Energy

Kinetic Energy

Question 23

Sunlight , Chlorophyll molecule to Photosynthesis

Answer 23

Electromagnetic light energy

Chemical bond energy

Question 24

removal of electrons from a molecule and results in a decrease in the energy
content of the molecule

an energy-releasing reaction

Answer 24

Oxidation

Dehydrogenation reactions

Question 25

the addition of electrons to a molecule, and results in an
increase in the energy content of the molecule

Answer 25

Reduction

Question 26

Lowering the ___ activation energy greatly increases the probability of reaction.

Perhaps through unusually energetic collision

Answer 26

activation energy

Question 27

Each enzyme has an ___ to which one or two substrate molecules bind, forming an ____. A reaction occurs at the active site, producing an _____.

Answer 27

active site

enzyme-substrate complex

enzyme-product complex