Renal Physiology pt 1 Flashcards
Functions of the Urinary System :
____ Occurs when you drink water/balance of water
_____
Removal of METABOLIC WASTE products from body fluids
_____
Discharge of waste products to the environment
Maintain Water and Salt Balance
Excretion
Elimination
Functions of the Urinary System:
_____ of ____
1) Regulating ___ and ___
2) Regulation _____
3) Stabilizing
4) Conserving _____
Homeostatic Regulation of Blood Plasma
1) Regulating Blood Plasma and Pressure
2) Regulation of Plasma Ion Concentrations
3) Stabilizing Blood pH
4) Conserving Nutrients
An animal’s _____ are correlated with its _____ and ____
Nitrogenous Waste
Phylogeny and Habitat
Animal Phylogeny:
Products that turn into ____ Amino groups (4)
-NH2
Proteins
Amino Acids
Nucleic Acids
Nitrogenous base
Animal Phylogeny
Aquatic animals, most bony fishes produce:
Mammals, amphibians, sharks, some bony fishes produce:
Many reptiles, birds, insects, land snails produce:
Aquatic animals, most bony fishes produce:
Ammonia
Mammals, amphibians, sharks, some bony fishes produce:
Urea
Many reptiles, birds, insects, land snails produce:
Uric acid
Urea is produced in the ____ by combining ____ with _____
Liver
Ammonia
Carbon Dioxide
Urinary System parts (4)
____ Remove waste products and excess fluid from the body
____ Pair of slender tubes that conduct urine through peristalsisrenal pelvis to urinary bladder
_____ Urinary bladder, stores urine
____ Urethra, releases urine from the bladder tot he external part of the body
In females it is ____ to ____ cm long
In males it is ____ cm long and conducts semen
Kidney
Ureter
Bladder
Urethra
3 to 4 cm long
20 cm long
Parts of the kidneys: (6)
Inferior vena cava
Aorta
Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra
_____
Reddish color
Located _____
Lies in the ___ and ___
The ___ extends more superiorly than the right. Because the ___ is pushing down the other side.
Weighs about ___g
Kidney
retro-peritoneally
T12 (thoraxic) and L5 (Lumbar)
Left Kidney
Liver
150g
Supportive tissue of the kidney:
_____ adheres directly to the kidney’s surface. Transparent and provides a strong barrier to prevent infections in surrounding lesions to spread to the kidneys
_____/____ The middle layer. Holds the kidneys in place against the trunk of the posterior trunk muscles and cushions it against blows.
______(____) The outer layer, a dense fibrous connective tissue and helps tghe adrenal glands and other organs to anchor to its surrounding organs.
OTHER NOTES:
____ a separate organ but it sits on top of the kidney
Renal Capsule
Fat layer/Adipose Capsule
Fibrous tissue (Gerota’s fascia)
Adrenal gland
Sectional Anatomy of the Kidneys:
Outside:
____ The opening where other parts can enter or exit out of this particular portion
____ oxygenated blood, branches into Capillaries
____
____ funnel shaped tube surrounded by smooth muscle that uses peristalsis to move urine out of the kidney, into the ureter, and to the bladder
____
Hilum (opening)
Renal artery
Renal vein
Renal pelvis
Ureter
Sectional Anatomy of the Kidneys REGIONS:
_____ Outermost layer
____ MIddle Layer
___ Medial to Hilus(m), funnel shaped tube leaving the hilus(m)
Renal Cortex
Renal Medulla (Pyramids)
Renal pelvis
____ Parts of the Ureter of branching which subdivides to ___ and ____
They collect urine that drains from the ____
Calyces
Minor and Major Calyces
Medulla (pyramids)
Blood supply to the Kidney - blood flow of the kidney imvolves Portal system
PART A (4)
Aorta
Renal Artery
Segmental Artery
Interlobar Artery
Blood supply to the Kidney - blood flow of the kidney imvolves Portal system
PART B (6)
Arcuate artery
Cortical radiate artery
Afferent arteriole
Glomerulus (capillaries)
Efferent arteriole
Peritubular capillaries and vasa recta
Blood supply to the Kidney - blood flow of the kidney imvolves Portal system
PART C (5)
Cortical radiate vein
Arcuate vein
Interlobar vein
Renal vein
Inferior vena cava
_____ Carry UNFILTERED blood from the aorta to the kidneys, oxygen-rich blood
____ Carry FILTERED blood from the kidneys to the _____, oxygen-poor blood
Renal Artery
Renal vein
posterior vena cava
PORTAL system Composed of _____
For example, the ____ form the ____, the first set of capillary bed. It is then drained by the link the ____ down to the ____&____, the second capillary bed
TWO CAPILLARY BEDS
Afferent arteriole
Glomerulus (capillaries)
Efferent arteriole
Peritubular capillaries and Vasa recta
Portal systems of the body:
Hypathic system (Liver)
Renal Portal system (Kidney)
Hypothalamus portal system (Pituitary gland)
____ Tiny blood processing units, millions are in a kidney. They categorized based on their location;
____ found in the cortex, they represent 85% of the nephrons in the kidney. Short loop of henle.
____ found near the cortex medulla junctions
Nephrons
Cortical nephron
Juxta-medullary nephron
The nephron:
_____:
____&____ a ball of capillaries
Glomerulus
Bowman’s capsule
renal corpuscle
The Nephron
MAIN____:
_____ Hairpin like structure with the ____ and ___
MAIN ____ Tubule near
MAIN ____ Tubule far
Loop of Henle
Descending Limb
Ascending Limb
Proximal Convoluted Tubule PCT
Distal convoluted Tubule DCT
Order in processing filtrate (image):
a)
b)
c)
d)
a) Excretory organ and major associated vessels
b) Kidney structure
c) Nephron
d) Filtrate and Blood Flow
_____ Highly specialzied for filtration, this is because it is fed and drained by arterioles, the first capillary bed. Responsible for the production of the filtrate.
_____ The second bed of capillaries that arise from the efferent arterioles draining the glomerulus. Reclaims most of the filtrate.
____ In the deepest part of the cortex continue into thin-walled looping vessels also known as Vasa recta
Glomerulus
Peritubular capillaries
Vasa Recta
