Module part 2 Chemical composition

Question 1

Biochemistry of an organism (3)

Cells are based mainly on ____

Life depends largely on chemical reactions in ____ because organisms are about ___ water

Cells have a ___

Answer 1

Carbon Compound

Aqueous Solution

70% Water

Complex Chemistry

Question 2

Dude:

Involved in Medical Chemistry

Answer 2

Jan Baptist van Helmont

Question 3

Dude:

Chemical composition of plant and animal materials and various drugs

Answer 3

Karl Wilhelm Scheele

Question 4

Dude:

Characterized the chemical composition of air and studied the process of oxidation

Father of Modern Biochemistry

Answer 4

Antoine Lavoisier

Question 5

Dude:

German Biochemist who did extensive work characterizing carbohydrates, amino acids, and fats

Answer 5

Hermann Emil Fisher

Question 6

Dude:

Discovered Nucleic Acids

Answer 6

Friedrich Miescher

Question 7

Dude:

Discovered liver ___ and showed its relation to blood sugar in health and disease.

Also evaluated the digestive properties of ____ juice

Answer 7

Glycogen

Pancreatic Juice

Claude Bernard

Question 8

Dude:

Development of the concept of pH

Answer 8

Soren Sorensen

Question 9

Dude:

Development of ultracentrifuge

Answer 9

Theodore Svedberg

Question 10

Dude:

Electrophoresis apparatus and Chromatography

Answer 10

Arne W.K. Tiselius

Question 11

Most abundant Element in the Human Body

Answer 11

Hydrogen

Question 12

Types of Chemical bonds (4)

Metal atom ____ electrons to nonmetal atom

Two___ atoms share Electrons

Hydrogen attracts an ____ atom Electrostatically

____ attract conducting electrons

Answer 12

Ionic Bond
loses

Covalent Bond
nonmetal

Hydrogen Bond
Electronegative

Metallic Bond
Positive metal ions

Question 13

Attractions/Forces that attract molecules together that arent chemically bonded

Answer 13

Van der Waals Force

Question 14

Attracting between Like molecules

Attraction between unlike molecules

Answer 14

Cohesion

Adhesion

Question 15

Elements most commonly used to make the components of an organism (6)

Answer 15

Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbon
Phosphorous
Sulfur

Question 16

Subunits of the ff:

Nucleic Acids

Lipids

Carbohydrates

Polysaccharide

Answer 16

Nucleotide

Amino acids

Simple Sugars

Acetyl CoA

Question 16

Colors of a typical conventional coding of atoms

Hydrogen

Carbon

Oxygen

Nitrogen

Answer 16

White

Black

Red

Blue

Question 17

Lipids:

A ____ is composed of a ___ hydrocarbon tail to which is attached a ___ group.

In an aqueous environment, the tails of these ___ would pack together to exclude water to form a bilayer. They are the basis of cell membranes.

Answer 17

Fatty Acid

Hydrophobic

Hydrophilic Carboxylic Acid

Phospholipids

Question 18

Amino Acid/Protein:

In the cell, where the pH is close to __, the free amino acid exists in its ___ but when incorporated into a Polypeptide chain, the charges disappear

Answer 18

7

Ionized

Question 19

Amino Acid/Protein:

Sequence read from the N-terminal end

Answer 19

Phe
Ser
Glu
Lys

Question 20

Nucleic Acid:

Structure of sugar of DNA vs RNA

Structure of strand of DNA vs RNA

Nucleobases of DNA vs RNA

Answer 20

Ribose has an extra OH at the bottom compared to Deoxyribose

DNA is usually Double-Stranded
RNA is usually Single-Stranded

DNA has base pairs
RNA only has one nucleobase

Question 21

When the noncovalent bonds of a conformation are disrupted, the molecule becomes a flexible chain of no value, that is why MOST proteins and many RNA molecules ____

Answer 21

fold into only one stable conformation

Question 22

Most cells are ___ and ___

Answer 22

70% water

30% chemicals

Question 23

Composition of the 30% of chemicals in a typical bacteria cell