Module part 7 Respiration

Question 1

Process that breaks down complex CARBON COMPOUNDS tinto simpler molecules and simultaneously GENERATES THE ATP used to power the others processes

Two types of Respiration

Answer 1

Respiration

Aerobic Respiration
Fermentation

Question 2

Table:

Reactants
Combustion
Energy Yield
Products

Answer 2

Reactants
AN: Glucose
AE: Glucose and Oxygen

Combustion
AN: Incomplete
AE: Complete

Energy Yield
AN: Low (2 ATP)
AE: High (36-38 ATP)

Products
AN: Animals: Lactic Acid, Yeast: Ethanol + CO2
AE: CO2 and H2O

Question 3

Table:

Location
Stages

Answer 3

Location
AN: Cytoplasm
AE: Cytoplasm + Mitochondrion

Stages:
AN:
Glycolysis
Fermentation

AE: Glycolysis
Link reaction
Krebs cycle
Electron Transport Chain

Question 4

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION:

____
ATP ____ Glucose to ___ which is then converted to ___

This either proceeds to the ____(___) or ____

Answer 4

Glycolysis

Phosphorylates

GA3P
Pyruvic Acid

Citric Acid Cycle (Aerobic Respiration)

Fermentation (without O2)

Question 5

Glycolysis:

Step 1: Glucose is phosphorylated to ____ with ___. Magnesium is there for the negative charges

Answer 5

Glucose-6-phosphate

Hexokinase

Question 6

Glycolysis:

Step 2: Glucose-6-phosphate becomes ___ by the ____ which is an ____

Answer 6

fructose-6-phosphate

phosphoglucose isomerase

Isomerization reaction

Question 7

Glycolysis:

Step 3: Fructose-6-phosphate becomes ___ by the ___ which is another phosphorylation

Answer 7

Fructose 1,6-biphosphate

Phosphofructokinase

Question 8

Glycolysis:

Step 4: Fructose 1,6-biphosphate is split into two ____ sugars, ___ and ___ by the enzyme ___

Answer 8

isomer

DHAP and GAP

Aldolase

Question 9

Glycolysis:

Step 5: Turns ___ into ___ so it can be used into the next step of glycolysis

Answer 9

Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate

Gyceraldehyde phosphate

Question 10

Glycolysis:

Step 6: Turns Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate is oxidized and phosphorylated to turn it into ____

NAD becomes NADH after performingn its oxidation

Answer 10

1,3 bisphoglycerate

Question 11

Glycolysis:

Step 7: 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate makes a donation of phosphorous to ADP to make it ATP again. This is done by the enzyme ___. It will now become ___

Answer 11

Phosphoglycerate Kinase (PGK)

3 phosphoglycerate

Question 12

Glycolysis:

STEP 8: 3 Phosphoglycerate has its phosphorous moved to the second carbon to make it ____ by the ____

Answer 12

2 phosphoglycerate

phosphoglycerate mutase

Question 13

Glycolysis:

STEP 9: 2 phosphoglycerate has water removed to form ____ by dehydrating it

Answer 13

phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP)

Question 14

Glycolysis:

STEP 10: Phosphenolpyruvic acid transfers phosphate group to ADP to make ATP

finally yielding a total of ___ produced

Answer 14

2 ATP

Question 15

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Glucose and its associated NAD that gets ____ becomes NADH

Then, Glucose becomes ___ and then when O2 is absent, it becomes ____

The final electron acceptor is absent so the NADH will be reconverted back to (1)

Answer 15

reduced

Pyruvate
Lactic acid

Question 16

Citric Acid Cycle /____

was discovered by ___

cycle of reactions catalyzed by enzymes in which ____ derived from nutrients is converted into ___ which is OXIDIZED to become ____ and water to produce the source of cellular energy which is ___ compounds

It takes place in the ___ within the compartments formed by the ___ of ____

Answer 16

Kreb’s cycle
Hans Adolf Krebs

Pyruvate
Acetyl Coenzyme A
Carbom Dioxide
Phosphate

Fluid Matrix
Cristae of the Mitochondria

Question 17

Cycle steps (8)

Answer 17

Acetyl Coenzyme A

Citrate
Isocitrate

a-ketoglurate
Succinyl-COA

Succinate
Fumarate

Malate
Oxaloacetate

Question 18

_____

Where Series of proteins accept high energy electron pairs from ____ and ___ which are called energy taxis

In total ___ molecules of ATP are produced per glucose molecule

Answer 18

Electron Transport Chain

FADH2
NADH

32

Question 19

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Pumping out of H+ Ions generates a higher concentration in the ____ and an ___ is created at the inner mitochondrial membrane making it positive

___ flow back, and due to the ____ it drives ATP synthesis

Answer 19

Intermembrane Space

Electrical Potential

Protons, Electrochemical gradient

Question 20

Chemical Pathways (with oxygen) (4)

Chemical Pathways (w/o oxygen) (4)

Answer 20

Glucose > Glycolysis > Krebs Cycle (CO2) > Electron Transport Chain

Glucose > Fermentation (without oxygen) > Alcohol or Lactic Acid

Question 21

Some Tissues, especially ___ or ___ store large amounts of lipid, usually as ___ or ___

Answer 21

Oily seeds
Dormant apical Meristems

Triglycerides
Phospholipids

Question 22

Triglyceride conversion

Answer 22

Glycerol

Fatty Acids (Oxidation) > Acetyl CoA
>Anabolism > Carbohydrates
> Catabolism > Citric Acid Cycle