Muscular Physiology pt 1 Flashcards
To investigate muscle, we look at (3)
Types
Characteristics
Muscle
Skeletal muscle (3)
Microscopic anatomy
Sliding filament
Muscle twitch and events
Prefixes that refer to muscle (3)
_____ heart muscle
_____ muscle cell cytoplasm
_____ muscle membrane
Myo
mys
sarco
Myocardium : heart muscle
Muscle cell cytoplasm: sarcoplasm
Muscle membrane: sarcolemma
All muscle cells are elongated and referred to as _____
Muscle contraction depends on two kinds of _____
Muscle fibers
Myofilaments
Types of muscle Tissues (3)
Smooth Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Skeletal Muscle
How do muscle tissues differ (4)
Structure of cells
Body location
Function
Means of activation
SMOOTH MUSCLE characteristics:
Striations:
Shape:
Nucleus:
Control:
Location:
Strength:
Control actions:
Striations:
none
Shape:
Spindle-shaped
Nucleus:
Single nucleus
Control:
Involuntary
Location:
walls of HOLLOW organs, respiratory passageways
Strength:
Weak and Slow
Control actions:
Peristalsis, contracts and relaxes slowly
CARDIAC MUSCLE characteristics:
Striations:
Nucleus:
Control:
Location:
Strength:
Control action:
Striations:
present, branching
Nucleus:
single
Control:
involuntary (pacemaker)
Location:
heart only, joined to muscle with “intercalated disc”
Strength:
strong and quick
Control action:
pumps out blood out of heart
self-excitatory but influenced by nervous system
SKELETAL MUSCLE characteristics:
Striations:
Shape:
Nucleus:
Control:
Location:
Strength:
control action:
Striations:
present, stripes
Shape:
Long, cyclindrical
Nucleus:
multinucleate
Control:
voluntary
Location:
tendons, bones
Strength:
rapid, tire easily, powerful
control action: movement at joints, stimulated by nervous system
Characteristics of muscle tissues (ALL SHARE)
_____ ability to receive and respond to stimuli
_____ ability to shorten forcibly when stimulated
_____ Ability to be stretched/extended
_____ Ability to recoil to resting length
Excitability
Contractility
Extensibility
Elasticity
Muscle Functions (4)
Produce movement
maintain posture & position
Stabilize joints
generate heat @ contract
Skeletal muscle anatomy features (3)
Nerve and blood supply
Attachments
Connective tissue sheaths
thin, fibrous connective tissue that wraps around and supports every structure in your body
Fascia
The three muscle membranes in order (3)
Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium
ORGANIZATION LEVELS of Skeletal Muscles
1.
A)
1.
B)
1.
C)
1.
D)
E)
1.
2.
ORGANIZATION LEVELS of Skeletal Muscles
- Epimysium
A) SKELETAL MUSCLE - Perimysium
B) MUSCLE FASCICLE - Endomysium
C) MUSCLE FIBER - Sarcoplasmic reticulum
D) MYOFIBRIL
E) SARCOMERE
1. Thick Filaments Myosin
2. Thin Filaments Actin
______ long, cylindrical that contain multiple nuclei beneath the ____ it also has a lot of mitocondria
______
Contains the ____ for glycogen storage
Contains the ____ for oxygen storage
Skeletal muscle cells
Sarcolemma
Sarcoplasm
Glycosomes
Myoglobin
_____ Modified organelles of Muscle Fibers, densly packed, rod-like elements
____% of cell volume
____ perfectly aligned repeating series of dark ____ and light____
Surrounded by the ____that regulates the intracellular Calcium levels which has ____ that penetrates the cell’s interior
Myofibrils
80%
Striations
A bands
I bands
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Transverse Tubule (T tubule)
Skeletal muscle fiber (cell):
Filaments:
_____ Thick
_____ Thin
_____ Elastic
Myosin
Actin
Titin
Skeletal muscle fiber (cell):
Bands/Zones:
_____ contains the Z disc
_____ contains the entire length of the
myosin filaments and portion of the thin actin filaments
_____ Myosin filaments only but when rested (with M line)
I Band
A Band
H Zone
Skeletal muscle fiber (cell):
Parts:
____ attachment of the thin actin filaments, with an elsastic protein, titin
____ anchor to the center of the myosin filaments
Z disc
M line
Myofilament composition in Skeletal Muscle THICK filament
Tail:
____ molecule
_____
Head:
____
____ & ____
_____ site
_____ site
Tail:
Myosin molecule
Heavy chain
Head:
Cross bridges
18-kDa & 22-kDa light chain
Actin-binding site
ATP-binding site
Myofilament composition in Skeletal Muscle THIN filament
Circles:
_____
Blocking circles:
_____
_____
Ion that pulls it away and opens connection:
____
Circles:
Actin
Blocking Circles:
Tropomyosin (line)
Troponin Complex
Ca2+
Myofilament composition in Skeletal Muscle THIN filament
Types:
_____
_____
Subunits:
____ Inhibitory subunit, binds to actin
____ binds to tropomyosin
____ binds to calcium ions
G actin (globular)
F actin (Fibrous)
Other proteins that help the structure of the myofibril:
_____ composed of protein ____
Holds THICK filaments in place; helps recoil and resist excessive stretch
_____
Links thin filaments to proteins of ____
Bind filaments or sarcomere together/ maintain alignment (3):
____
____
___
Elastic Filament
Titin
Dystrophin
Sarcolemma
Nebulin
Myomesin
C proteins
Surrounding of the muscle fibers:
_____
Network of ____ surrounding each myofibril
Pairs of ____ from perpendicular ____
Functions in the regulation of intracellular ____ levels
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum
Terminal Cisternae
Cross channels
Calcium
Surrounding of the muscle fibers:
_____
Continuous with the ____
Penetrate the cell’s interior at each ____ and ___ junction
Forms triads that encircle each ____
T tubules
Sarcolemma
A band
I band
Sarcomere
the Triad:
_____ acts as voltage sensors
_____ are known to be calcium channels
Provides signals for muscle contractions
The Triad:
T tubule
Terminal cisterns of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum SR (2)
