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Physio lecture > Muscular Physiology pt 1 > Flashcards

Muscular Physiology pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

To investigate muscle, we look at (3)

A

Types
Characteristics
Muscle

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2
Q

Skeletal muscle (3)

A

Microscopic anatomy

Sliding filament

Muscle twitch and events

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3
Q

Prefixes that refer to muscle (3)

_____ heart muscle
_____ muscle cell cytoplasm
_____ muscle membrane

A

Myo
mys
sarco

Myocardium : heart muscle

Muscle cell cytoplasm: sarcoplasm

Muscle membrane: sarcolemma

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4
Q

All muscle cells are elongated and referred to as _____

Muscle contraction depends on two kinds of _____

A

Muscle fibers

Myofilaments

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5
Q

Types of muscle Tissues (3)

A

Smooth Muscle

Cardiac Muscle

Skeletal Muscle

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6
Q

How do muscle tissues differ (4)

A

Structure of cells

Body location

Function

Means of activation

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7
Q

SMOOTH MUSCLE characteristics:

Striations:

Shape:

Nucleus:

Control:

Location:

Strength:

Control actions:

A

Striations:
none

Shape:
Spindle-shaped

Nucleus:
Single nucleus

Control:
Involuntary

Location:
walls of HOLLOW organs, respiratory passageways

Strength:
Weak and Slow

Control actions:
Peristalsis, contracts and relaxes slowly

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8
Q

CARDIAC MUSCLE characteristics:

Striations:

Nucleus:

Control:

Location:

Strength:

Control action:

A

Striations:
present, branching

Nucleus:
single

Control:
involuntary (pacemaker)

Location:
heart only, joined to muscle with “intercalated disc”

Strength:
strong and quick

Control action:
pumps out blood out of heart
self-excitatory but influenced by nervous system

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9
Q

SKELETAL MUSCLE characteristics:

Striations:

Shape:

Nucleus:

Control:

Location:

Strength:

control action:

A

Striations:
present, stripes

Shape:
Long, cyclindrical

Nucleus:
multinucleate

Control:
voluntary

Location:
tendons, bones

Strength:
rapid, tire easily, powerful

control action: movement at joints, stimulated by nervous system

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10
Q

Characteristics of muscle tissues (ALL SHARE)

_____ ability to receive and respond to stimuli

_____ ability to shorten forcibly when stimulated

_____ Ability to be stretched/extended

_____ Ability to recoil to resting length

A

Excitability

Contractility

Extensibility

Elasticity

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11
Q

Muscle Functions (4)

A

Produce movement

maintain posture & position

Stabilize joints

generate heat @ contract

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12
Q

Skeletal muscle anatomy features (3)

A

Nerve and blood supply

Attachments

Connective tissue sheaths

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13
Q

thin, fibrous connective tissue that wraps around and supports every structure in your body

A

Fascia

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14
Q

The three muscle membranes in order (3)

A

Epimysium

Perimysium

Endomysium

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15
Q

ORGANIZATION LEVELS of Skeletal Muscles

1.
A)

1.
B)

1.
C)

1.
D)

E)
1.
2.

A

ORGANIZATION LEVELS of Skeletal Muscles

  1. Epimysium
    A) SKELETAL MUSCLE
  2. Perimysium
    B) MUSCLE FASCICLE
  3. Endomysium
    C) MUSCLE FIBER
  4. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
    D) MYOFIBRIL

E) SARCOMERE
1. Thick Filaments Myosin
2. Thin Filaments Actin

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16
Q

______ long, cylindrical that contain multiple nuclei beneath the ____ it also has a lot of mitocondria

______
Contains the ____ for glycogen storage
Contains the ____ for oxygen storage

A

Skeletal muscle cells
Sarcolemma

Sarcoplasm
Glycosomes
Myoglobin

17
Q

_____ Modified organelles of Muscle Fibers, densly packed, rod-like elements

____% of cell volume

____ perfectly aligned repeating series of dark ____ and light____

Surrounded by the ____that regulates the intracellular Calcium levels which has ____ that penetrates the cell’s interior

A

Myofibrils

80%

Striations
A bands
I bands

Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Transverse Tubule (T tubule)

18
Q

Skeletal muscle fiber (cell):

Filaments:
_____ Thick
_____ Thin

_____ Elastic

A

Myosin
Actin

Titin

19
Q

Skeletal muscle fiber (cell):

Bands/Zones:

_____ contains the Z disc

_____ contains the entire length of the
myosin filaments and portion of the thin actin filaments

_____ Myosin filaments only but when rested (with M line)

A

I Band

A Band

H Zone

20
Q

Skeletal muscle fiber (cell):

Parts:

____ attachment of the thin actin filaments, with an elsastic protein, titin

____ anchor to the center of the myosin filaments

A

Z disc

M line

21
Q

Myofilament composition in Skeletal Muscle THICK filament

Tail:
____ molecule
_____

Head:
____
____ & ____
_____ site
_____ site

A

Tail:
Myosin molecule
Heavy chain

Head:
Cross bridges
18-kDa & 22-kDa light chain
Actin-binding site
ATP-binding site

22
Q

Myofilament composition in Skeletal Muscle THIN filament

Circles:
_____

Blocking circles:
_____
_____

Ion that pulls it away and opens connection:
____

A

Circles:
Actin

Blocking Circles:
Tropomyosin (line)
Troponin Complex

Ca2+

23
Q

Myofilament composition in Skeletal Muscle THIN filament

Types:
_____
_____

Subunits:
____ Inhibitory subunit, binds to actin
____ binds to tropomyosin
____ binds to calcium ions

A

G actin (globular)
F actin (Fibrous)

24
Q

Other proteins that help the structure of the myofibril:

_____ composed of protein ____
Holds THICK filaments in place; helps recoil and resist excessive stretch

_____
Links thin filaments to proteins of ____

Bind filaments or sarcomere together/ maintain alignment (3):
____
____
___

A

Elastic Filament
Titin

Dystrophin
Sarcolemma

Nebulin
Myomesin
C proteins

25
Q

Surrounding of the muscle fibers:

_____

Network of ____ surrounding each myofibril
Pairs of ____ from perpendicular ____
Functions in the regulation of intracellular ____ levels

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

Terminal Cisternae
Cross channels

Calcium

26
Q

Surrounding of the muscle fibers:

_____

Continuous with the ____
Penetrate the cell’s interior at each ____ and ___ junction
Forms triads that encircle each ____

A

T tubules

Sarcolemma
A band
I band
Sarcomere

27
Q

the Triad:
_____ acts as voltage sensors
_____ are known to be calcium channels

Provides signals for muscle contractions

A

The Triad:

T tubule

Terminal cisterns of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum SR (2)

Physio lecture (24 decks)

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