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TOP (QUALIFYING EXAM) Flashcards

1
Q

Contribute to individual differences in behavior, consistency of behavior over time, and stability of behavior across situations

A

Traits

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2
Q

Unique qualities of an individual that include such as attributes as temperament, physique and intelligence

A

Characteristics

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3
Q

Any reaction or response to internal and external stimuli

A

Behavior

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4
Q

Set of related assumptions that allows scientist to use logical deductive reasoning to formulate testable hypothesis

A

Theory

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5
Q

Theory and it’s relativ (4)

A

Philosophy
Speculation
Hypothesis
Taxonomies

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6
Q

Theory is related to __ but is much narrower term

A

Philosophy

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7
Q

Theory rely on __. But they are much more than mere armchair speculation

A

Speculation

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8
Q

Although theory is a narrower concept than philosophy it is broader term than __

A

Hypothesis

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9
Q

Mere classification does not constitute a theory, however ___ can evolve in theories

A

Taxonomy

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10
Q

Why do we have different theories site what you know (5)

A
  1. Personal background
  2. Childhood experiences
  3. Interpersonal relationships
  4. Philosophical orientation
  5. Personalities
  6. Data chosen to observe
  7. Unique ways of looking at the world
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11
Q

One that attempt to explain all personality for all people

A

Grand theory

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12
Q

Psychodynamic (people) site 3

A

Freud
Adler
Jung
Erikson
Horney

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13
Q

Unconscious are most important

A

Psychodynamic theory

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14
Q

First 5 years of life most shape personality

A

Psychodynamic theory

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15
Q

Humanistic existential (people)

A

Maslow, rogers, may

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16
Q

People strive to live meaningful life, happy lives

A

Humanistic-existential theory

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17
Q

People are predisposed to behave in unique and consistent ways; they have unique traits

A

Dispositional theories

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18
Q

Human thoughts and behavior have been shaped by evolutionary forces ( natural and sexual selection)

A

Biological -evolutionary theories

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19
Q

Peoples behavior are determined by forces over which they have no control

A

Determinism

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20
Q

People choose to be what they wish to be

A

Free choice

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21
Q

People doomed to be miserable, conflicted and troubled lives

A

Pessimism

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22
Q

People grow into psychologically healthy, happy fully functioning human beings

A

Optimism

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23
Q

Behavior is a function of past experiences

A

Causality

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24
Q

Explanation of behavior in term of future goals/ purposes

A

Teleology

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25
Q

Personal characteristics are environmentally determined

A

Social influence

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26
Q

Derived from the latin word ___ means theatrical mask worn by roman

A

Persona

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27
Q

Pattern of relatively traits and unique characteristics that give both consistenty and individuality to a persons behavior

A

Personality

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28
Q

Freud full name

A

Sigismund (sigmund) freud

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29
Q

Alfred adler was born on

A

May 6 1856

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30
Q

He learned ___ for treating hysteria, which later influenced his own psychoanalytic methods

A

Hypnotic technique

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31
Q

Related to word association

A

Free association technique

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32
Q

Freud abandoned his ___ theory and develop new psychoanalytic concepts

A

Seduction theory

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33
Q

Freud develop a close professional and personal relationship with __

A

Josef breuer

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34
Q

Contains thoughts, memories and perceptions that are not currently in conscious awareness but can be readily accessed when needed

A

Preconscious

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35
Q

Mental elements that are currently in awareness at any given moment. It is the level of mental life that is directly available to an individuals awareness

A

Conscious

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36
Q

Contains thoughts, feelings, desires and memories that are not immediately accessible to conscious awareness

A

Unconscious

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37
Q

Comes from heredity endowment

A

Phylogenetic

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38
Q

A physician region dervied from the impersonal pronoun meaning “the it” or the not-yet-owned component of personality. No contact in reality and strives for desire

A

ID

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39
Q

Also known as the “I” The region of the mind in contact with reality. Emerges from the id during infancy and serve as the individuals primary source of communication with the external world

A

Ego

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40
Q

“above-i” embodies the moral and ideal aspects of personality. Guided by moralistic, and idealistic principles

A

Superego

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41
Q

Pleasure that is not limited to genital satisfaction, can take many forms including narcissism, love, sadism and masochism

A

Sex

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42
Q

Considered as the destructive drive according to freud that aim of this druve is to return the organism to an inorganic state

A

Aggression

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43
Q

Unpleasant state accompanied by a physical sensation that warns the person against impending danger

A

Anxiety

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44
Q

Apprehension about an unknown danger (exam, quiz)

A

Neurotic anxiety

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45
Q

Stems from the conflict between the ego and superego

A

Moral anxiety

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46
Q

Unpleasant, nonspecific feeling involving a possible danger (closely related to fear)

A

Realistic anxiety

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47
Q

The way ego deals with anxiety-provoking material
- used to deal with unwanted thought s and desires

A

Defense mechanism

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48
Q

Pushing conscious, unpleasant thoughts to the unconscious (accident)

A

Repression

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49
Q

Concealing a motive by giving strong expression to the opposite (crush to someone) (Baliktad na feelings)

A

Reaction formation

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50
Q

Channeling or substituting our impulses from an original traget to another person / objects (galit)

A

Displacement

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51
Q

When psychic energy is blocked at one stage of development, thus making change or psychological growth difficult (smokers, gossiper)

A

Fixation

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52
Q

Turns to an earlier stage of development when he or she experience stress ( revert fixation) (Childish behavior)

A

Regression

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53
Q

An unconscious impulses to other people instead of to oneself (ayaw aminin sa sarili nagtuturo sa iba)

A

Projection

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54
Q

Justifying one’s conduct by offering socially acceptable reasons in place of real reasons

___ pretending to dislike but like
___ pretending to like but dislike

A

Reationalization
Sour grape
Sweet lemon

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55
Q

Insisting the something is not true, despite all evidence to the contrary

A

Denial

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56
Q

Channeling negative id impulses into socially acceptable actions (coping mechanism)

A

Sublimation

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57
Q

Incorporating positive qualities of another person into their ego ( adopt characteristics/mindset) (The opposite of projection)

A

Introjection

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58
Q

Parts of the body that have especially strong pleasure-giving qualities at particular stages of development

A

Erogenous zone

59
Q

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism that occurs when the individual remains locked in an earlier developmental stage

A

Fixation

60
Q

Withholding feces can lead to narcissistic and maschistic pleasure

A

Anal retentiveness

61
Q

Characterized by traits of orderliness, stinginess and obstinacy, stemming from unresolved issues during the anal phase

A

Anal triad

62
Q

Occuring around 3 to 4 years of age where the genital area becomes the primary erogenous zone

A

Phallic stage

63
Q

4 to 5 until puberty, characterized by a period of dormant psychosexual development

A

Latency phase

64
Q

Period of life beginning with puberty and continuing through adulthood and marked by full sexual identity

A

Genital phase

65
Q

Concept of humanity (site 5)

A

Dream analysis
Projective test
Free association
Hypnosis
Humor
Symbolic behavior

66
Q

Conditioned responses, shaping, reinforcement, observational learning

A

Learning(social) cognitive

67
Q

(person) Only explanation for behavior is the condition that create behavior

A

Skinner

68
Q

Modelling, self-efficacy

A

Bandura

69
Q

Personality develops as an interaction between the internal and external characteristics of a person
(Cognitive-affective units)

A

Rotter and mischel

70
Q

The cognitive constructs we develop to perceiv tye the world and others mold our personalities ( constructs)

A

Kelly

71
Q

Focus on the individuality of a person

A

Uniqueness

72
Q

Focus on the common characteristic of people

A

Similarities

73
Q

Freud harbored a ____ due to their perceived trivialization of psychoanalysis and his unpleasant experience during his visit to the united states

A

Disdain for Americans

74
Q

Nature and function of ID

A

Pleasure principle
Infantile behavior
Lack of reality contact

75
Q

Nature and function of ego

A

Reality principle
Decision making
Anxiety and defense mechanism
Developmental differentation

76
Q

Nature and function of superego

A

Origin and development
Subsystem
Control and judgement

77
Q

Freud used the German word ___ refer to a drive or a stimulus within a person

A

Trieb

78
Q

A husband refuse to recognize obvious signs of his wife infidelity

A

Denial

79
Q

A student refuse ro recognize obvious lacks of preparedness for an exam

A

Denial

80
Q

A husband who is considering being unfaithful to his wife, but feels guilty about it, might accuse his wife of being unfaithful

A

Projection

81
Q

A person experiencing lots of insecurity may act as though they are the most confident person in the world

A

Reaction formation

82
Q

Justify eating another cookie or five by sayinv that i ate a light lunch

A

Rationalization

83
Q

The husband, might watch porn instead of pursuing physical connection with another person, as this could seem like a more appropriate outlet for his urges

A

Sublimation

84
Q

Adler thought that ___ was the dynamic power behind all motivation then used ____ but also abandoned it until he came up with striving for success or superiority

A

Aggression
Masculine protest

85
Q

People’s ability to freely shape their behavior and create their own personality

A

Creative power

86
Q

The manner strive for success or superiority is not shaped by reality but by their subjective perceptions of reality, that is by their ___ or expectations of the future

A

Subjective perceptions
Fictions

87
Q

Fictions are peoples expectations of the future.

A

Fictionalism

88
Q

Adler believe that all behaviors are directed toward a single purpose. When seen in the light of that sole purpose, seemingly contradictory behavior can be seen as operating in a self consistent manner

A

Unity and self-consistency

89
Q

A condition/ physical disorder which people often use to express style of life

A

Organ dialect/organ jargon

90
Q

___ is translated social interested (misleading translation of his original german term)

A

Gemeinschaftsgefühl

91
Q

Adler’s five types of style of life

A

Getting/leaning
Avoiding
Ruling/dominant
Socially useful
Creative type

92
Q

___ term Adler used to refer to the Flavor of a person’s life

A

Style of life

93
Q

People are responsible for their final goal, determines their method of striving for that goal, and contribute to the development of social interest

A

Creative power

94
Q

Molds the style of life

A

Creative power

95
Q

Selfish, no give-just take anti-social with low activity levels

A

Getting/leaning

96
Q

(2- adler four types of style of life)
Hate being defeated. May be successful but without risks. Low social contact, fear or rejection/defeated

A

Avoiding

97
Q

Strive for power; willing to manipulate. Prone to anti-social behaviour

A

Ruling/dominant

98
Q

Very outgoing and active. Lots of social contact, strive for the good

A

Socially useful

99
Q

Justifying one’s conduct by offering socially acceptable reasons in place of real reasons (Hinahanapan ng palusot)

A

Rationalization

100
Q

Characterized by their ability to think innovatively, their motivation stems for desire to express their unique identity and make a distinct impact to the world through creativity

A

Creative type

101
Q

Birth order, the gender of siblings and the age spread between them

A

Family constellation

102
Q

Most likely to have intensified feelings of power and superiority, high anxiety and overprotective tendencies

A

Firstborn children

103
Q

Begin life in a better situation for developing cooperation and social interest

A

Second born children

104
Q

Are likely to have strong feelings of inferiority and to lack a sense of independence

A

Youngest children

105
Q

In a unique position of competing, not against brother and sisters but against father and mother

A

Only children

106
Q

Living in a adult world, they often develop an exaggerated sense of superiority an inflated self-concept

A

Only children

107
Q

First born characteristics (Site 5)

A

Responsible
Motivated
Controlling
Reliable
Perfectionist
Achiever
Leader
Bossy

108
Q

Middle born characteristics ( site 5)

A

Peacemaker
Social
Adaptable
People-pleaser
Independent
Go-between
Can be rebellious
Feels left out

109
Q

Last born characteristics (site 5)

A

Manipulative
Seeks attention
Self-centered
Fun
Social
Charming
Outgoing
Uncomplicated

110
Q

Only child characteristics ( site 5)

A

Sensitive
Leader
Confident
Center of attention
Mature for their age
Responsible
Perfectionist
Seeks approval
Conscientious

111
Q

Dimensions for concept of humanity (Site 5)

A

Determinism vs free choice
Pessimism vs optimism
Causality vs teleology
Conscious vs unconscious
Biological vs social influence
Uniqueness vs similarities
Determinism vs free choice

112
Q

What makes theory useful? (Site 5)

A

Generates research
Is falsifiable
Organizes data
Guides action
Is internally consistent
Is parsimonious

113
Q

Perspective in theories of personality (5)

A

Psychodynamic theory
Humanistic- existential theories
Dispositional/traits theory
Biological -evolutionary theories
Learning -(social) cognitive theories

114
Q

6 Tenets of Individual psychology

A
  1. Striving for success or superiority
  2. Subjective perceptions
  3. Unity and self-consistency
  4. Social interest
  5. Style of life
  6. Creative power
115
Q

Relatively well set by the age 4 or 5 years of age

A

Style of life

116
Q

A dynamic concept implying movement, and this movement is the most salient characteristics of life

A

Creative power

117
Q

People’s are striving for that goal and contribute to the development of social interest

A

Creative power

118
Q

Feeling attracted to someone other than your spouse, then fearing that your spouse is cheating on you

A

Projection

119
Q

Being denied a loan for your dream house, then saying it’s a good thing because the house was too big anyway

A

Rationalization

120
Q

Hugging a teddy bear when you’re stressed, like you did when you were a child

A

Regression

121
Q

you have a strong dislike for someone, you might instead believe that they do not like you.

A

Projection

122
Q

A student might rationalize a poor exam score by blaming the instructor rather than admitting their own lack of preparation.

A

Rationalization

123
Q

a person who realizes that they are being aggressive during an argument may accuse the other person of aggression. This deflects criticism away from themselves and onto the other person.

A

Projection

124
Q

if accused of being addicted to cigarettes, a person may reply, ‘I can quit any time I choose.’ However, this is not the case.

A

Denial

125
Q

if you feel guilty about your love of junk food, you might preach the virtues of healthy eating.

A

Reaction formation

126
Q

A child who is bullied at school copies the bullies aggressiveness and act out at home

A

Introjection

127
Q

If I don’t have breakfast, i can have that piece of cake later on without hurting my diet

A

Rationalization

128
Q

Matt is unconsciously attracted to ben but outwardly voices an extreme hatred of homosexual

A

Reaction formation

129
Q

Alain who is very aggressive becomes a professional hockey player

A

Sublimation

130
Q

A husband speaks to his wife in baby talk when telling her bad news

A

Regression

131
Q

A person who grows up in a strict religious household follow the religious doctrines and values, accepting them as their own without questioning or reflecting on their personal beliefs

A

Introjection

132
Q

Includes a person’s goal, self-concept, feelings for others and a attitude toward the world

A

Style of life

133
Q

Product of the interaction of heredity, environment and a person’s creative power

A

Style of life

134
Q

Striving for success for all humanity without losing his own personal identity

A

Striving for success or superiority

135
Q

Freud spent 4 months studying with the famous french neurologist ___ in paris

A

Jean-Martin charcot

136
Q

Alfred adler was born in ___ on ___

A

Vienna Austria
Feb 7, 1870

137
Q

Alfred adler suffered ___ as a young child at the age 4 he got ___

A

Rickets
Pneumonia

138
Q

In 1912 Adler founded ___

A

Society of individuals psychology

139
Q

A desire to be “a real man” superior and perfect

A

Masculine protest

140
Q

Can be experienced through the presence of a teacher, employer or some other authority figure because the person previously experienced unconscious feeling of destructions against one or both parents

A

Neurotic anxiety

141
Q

Human behavior has value to the the extent that is motivated by social interest, that is, a feeling of oneness with all of humanity

A

Social interest

142
Q

Unify and operate to achieve a single goal

A

Organ dialect/organ jargon

143
Q

Striving force as a compensation because of feelings of inferiority or weakness

A

Striving for success or superiority

144
Q

Biological -evolutionary people

A

Eysenck
Buss

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