TOP FINALS EXAMINATION Flashcards
Analytical psychology by ?
Carl jung
Carl jung was the first president of the _____
International psychoanalytic association
Contents of the personal unconscious are called ___ (individualized components)
Complexes
Contents of the collective unconscious are called ___ (generalized components)
Archetypes
Images sensed by the ego whereas unconscious elements have no relationship with the ego
Conscious
Embraces all repressed, forgotten or subliminally perceived experiences of an individual
Personal unconscious
Personal unconscious
- an emotionally toned conglomeration of ideas that compromise the contents of personal unconscious
Complex
Has roots in the ancestral past of the entire species
Collective unconscious
Ancient or archaic images that derive from the collective unconscious, similar to complex that they are emotionally toned collection of associated images
Archetypes
The side of our personality that we showed to others
Persona
The dark side of personality
Shadow
Feminine side of men
Anima
Masculine side of women
Animus
The image we have of fulfilment, completion or perfection
Self
Symbol representing the striving for unity and completion
Mandala
The archetype of nourishment and destruction
Great mother
The archetype of wisdom and meaning, symbolizes humans pre existing knowledge of the mysteries of life
Wise old man
The image we have of a conqueror who vanquishes evil but who has a single fatal flaw
Hero
2 attitude
Introversion
Extraversion
4 functions
Thinking
Feeling
Sensing
Intuiting
Refers to the predisposition to act or react in a characteristic direction
Attitude
Both introversion and extraversion can combine with any one or more of four functions, forming eight possible orientation or types
Functions
Tuned into their inner world with all its biases, fantasies, dreams and individualized perceptions; orientation toward the subjective
Introversion
Are more influenced by their sorroundings than by their inner world; orientation towards the objective
Extraversion
Logical intellectual activity that produces a chain of ideas
Thinking
Rely heavily on concrete thoughts, but they may also use abstract ideas if these have been transmitted to them from without (from parents to
Extraverted thinking
React to external stimuli but their interpretation of an event is colored more by the internal meaning they bring with them than by the objective facts themselves
Introverted thinking
To describe the process of evaluating an idea or event (valuing)
Feeling
Use objective data to make evaluations, usually well-liked because of their sociability, but in their quest to conform to social standards, they may appear artificial, shallow and unreliable
Extraverted feeling
Base their value judgements primarily on subjective perceptions rather than objective facts. They ignore traditional opinions and beliefs often causes people to feel uncomfortable
Introverted feeling
Receives physical stimuli and transmits them to perceptual consciousness; individual’s perception of sensory impulses
Sensing
Perceive external stimuli objectively, in much the same way that these stimuli exists in reality
Extraverted sensing
Largely influenced by their subjective sensations of sight, sound, taste , touch, and so forth
Introverted sensing
Perception beyond the working of consciousness
Intuiting
Oriented towards facts in the external world
Extraverted intuiting
Are guided by unconscious perception of facts that are basically subjective and have a little or no resemblance to external reality
Introverted intuiting
Stages of development
Childhood
Anarchic phase
Monarchic phase
Dualistic phase
Youth
Middle life
Old age
The early morning sun, full of potential but still lacking in brilliance (consciousness)
Childhood
Characterized by chaotic and sporadic consciousness
Anarchic phase
Characterized by the development of the ego and by the beginning of logical and verbal thinking
Monarchic phase
The ego is divided into objective and subjective
Dualistic phase
The morning sun, climbing toward the zenith, but unaware of the impeding decline
Youth
Early afternoon sun, brilliant like the late morning sun, but obviously headed for the sunset
Middle life
The evening sun, its once bright consciousness now markedly dimmed
Old age
Jungs method of investigation (4)
Word association test
Dream analysis
Active imagination
Psychotherapy
Psychoanalytic social theory by ?
Karen horney
Build on the assumptions that social and cultural conditions, especially childhood experiences, are largely responsible for shaping personality
Psychoanalytic social theory
Karen horney was born on
September 15, 1885
MAJOR WORK and LEGACY Of karen horney (key publications) 2
New ways in psychoanalysis
Neurosis and human growth
Critique Freudian theories, emphasized culture and ego
New ways in psychoanalysis
Her most important work, showcasing her independent theories
Neurosis and human growth
What children develop towards parents if they do not satisfy their needs for safety and satisfaction
Basic hostility
Repressed hostility that leads to profound feelings of insecurity and a vague sense of apprehension
Basic anxiety
Feeling of being isolated and helpless in a world conceive as potential hostile
Basic anxiety
4 general ways that people protect themselves against feeling of being alone in a potential hostile world
- Affection
- Submissiveness
- Power, prestige, possession
- Withdrawal
Neurotic needs (10)
The neurotic need
- The neurotic need for affection and approval
- The neurotic need for a powerful partner
- The neurotic need to restrict one’s life within narrow borders
- The neurotic need for power
- The neurotic need to exploit others
- The neurotic need for social recognition or prestige
- The neurotic need for personal admiration
- The neurotic need for ambition and personal achievement
- The neurotic need for self-sufficiency and independence
- The neurotic need for perfection and unassailability
THE NEUROTIC NEED FOR _____
In their quest for affection and approval, neurotics attempt indiscriminately to please others
Affection and approval
THE NEUROTIC NEED FOR _____
They try to live up to the expectations of others, tend to dread self-assertion, and are quite uncomfortable with the hostility of others as well as the hostile feelings within themselves
Affection and approval
THE NEUROTIC NEED FOR _____
Lacking self-confidence, neurotics try to attach themselves to a powerful partner
A powerful partner
THE NEUROTIC NEED FOR _____
This need includes an overvaluation of love and a dread of being alone or deserted. Horney’s own life story reveals a strong need to relate to a great man, and she had a series of such relationship during her adult life
A powerful partner
THE NEUROTIC NEED to _____
Neurotics frequently strive to remain inconspicuous, to take a second place, and to be content with very little. They downgrade their own abilities and dread making demands on others
Restrict one’s life within narrow borders
THE NEUROTIC NEED FOR _____
Power and affection are perhaps the two greatest neurotic needs. The need for power is usually combined with the needs for prestige and possession and manifest itself as the need to control others and to avoid feelings of weakness or stupidity
Power
THE NEUROTIC NEED to _____
Neurotics frequently evaluate others on the basis of how they can be used or exploited, but at the same time they fear being exploited by others
Exploit others
THE NEUROTIC NEED FOR _____
Some people combat basic anxiety by trying to be first, to be important or to attract attention to themselves
Social recognition or prestige
THE NEUROTIC NEED FOR _____
Neurotics have a need to be admired for what they are rather than for what they possess. Their inflated self-esteem must be continually fed by the admiration and approval of others
Personal admiration
THE NEUROTIC NEED FOR _____
Neurotics often have a strong drive to be the best-the best salesperson, the best bowler, the best lover. They must defeat other people in order to confirm their superiority
Ambition and personal achievement
THE NEUROTIC NEED FOR _____
Many neurotics have a strong need to move away from people, thereby proving that they can get along without others. The playboy who cannot be tied down by any woman exemplifies this neurotic need
Self-sufficiency and independence
THE NEUROTIC NEED FOR _____
By striving relentlessly for perfection, neurotics receive “proof” of their self-esteem and personal superiority. They dread making mistakes and having personal flaws, and they desperately attempt to hide their weakness from others
Perfection and unassailability
Flow from basic anxiety, which in turn, stems from a child’s relationship with other people
Neurotic trends
Three basic attitudes towards self and others (3)
Moving towards people
Moving against people
Moving away from people
Incompatible tendency to move towards, against and away from people
Basic conflict
Neurotic develop a nedd for others as a protection against feelings of Helplessness
Moving toward (helplessness)
Neurotic protect themselves against the hostility of others by adopting an aggressive strategy
Moving against ( hostility)
Neurotics protect themselves against feelings of isolation by adopting a detached attitude
Moving away ( isolation)
Results from childhood feelings of rejection or neglect by parents or from a defense against basic anxiety
Basic hostility
Results from a parental threats or from a defense against hostility
Basic anxiety
INTRAPSYCHIC CONFLICTS
An extravagantly positive view of oneself with infinite powers and unlimited capabilities; people see themselves as “ a hero, a genius, a supreme lover, a saint, a god “
Idealized self-image
INTRAPSYCHIC CONFLICTS
it is the outcome when the neuroticz realized that their self does not match the insatiable demands of their idealized self.
Self-hatred
Comprehensive drive toward actualizing the ideal self
Neurotic search for glory
Neurotic search for glory three elements (3)
Need for perfection
Neurotic ambition
Drive toward a vindictive triumph
Belief that something is wrong with the outside world, they proclaim that they are special and therefore entitled to be treated in accordance with their idealized view of themselves
Neurotic claims
A false pride based not on a realistic view of the true self but on a spurious image of the idealized self
Neurotic pride
Are exemplified by the tyranny of the should.
Ex. Some people make demands on themselves that don’t stop even when they achieve measure of success
Relentless demands on the self
These people continue to push themselves toward perfection because they believe they should be perfect
Relentless demands on the self
Neurotics constantly berate themselves
“ If people only knew me, they would realize that I’m pretending to be knowledgeable, competent, and sincere. I’m realy a fraud, but no one knows it but me. “
Merciless self-accusation
___ may take a variety of form from obviously grandiose expressions, such as taking responsibility for natural disasters, to scrupulously questioning the virtue of their own motivation
Merciless self -accusation
Might be expressed as belittling, disparaging, doubting, discrediting and ridiculing oneself.
It prevents people from striving for improvement or achievement
Self-contempt
A young man may say to himself, “you conceited idiot! What makes you think you can get a date with the best-looking woman in town?”
Self contempt
A woman may attribute her successful career to “luck”
Self-contempt
Stems from self-hatred and is designed to actualize an inflated self- image
Neurotics are frequently shackled by taboos against enjoyment
Self-frustation
“i dont deserve a new car”
Self-frustation
” i must not wear nice clothes because many people around the world are in rags “
Self-frustation
” i must not strive for a better job because I’m not good enough for it”
Self-frustation
Some peole may attain massochistic satisfaction by anguishing over a decision, exaggerating the pain of a headache, cutting themselves with a knife, starting a fight that they are sure to lose or inviting physical abuse
Self-tornment/self-torture
May be either physical or psychological, conscious or unconscious, acute or chronic, carried out in action or enacted only in the imagination
Self-destructive actions and impulses
Overeating, abusing alcohol and other drugs, working too hard, driving recklessly and suicide are common expression of ___
Self-destructive actions and impulses
Neurotics may attack them themselves psychologically, for example quitting job just when it begins to be fulfilling, breaking off healthy relationship in favor of a neurotic one, or engaging in promiscuous sexual activities
Self-destructive actions and impulses
FUNCTIONS - ATTITUDES
Philosophers, theoretical scientist, some inventors
Thinking - Introversion
FUNCTIONS - ATTITUDES
subjective movie critics and art appraiser
Feeling - introversion
FUNCTIONS - ATTITUDES
Artists, classical musicians
Sensation - introversion
FUNCTIONS - ATTITUDES
Prophets, mystics, religious fanatics
Intuition - introversion
FUNCTIONS - ATTITUDES
Research scientist, accountants, mathematicians
Thinking - extraversion
FUNCTIONS - ATTITUDES
Real estate appraiser, objective movie critics
Feeling - extraversion
FUNCTIONS - ATTITUDES
Wine tasters, proofreaders, popular musicians, house painter
Sensation - extraversion
FUNCTIONS - ATTITUDES
Some inventors, religious performers
Intuition - extraversion
Levels of consciousness (3)
Conscious
Personal unconscious
Collective unconscious
Idealized self image (3)
Neurotic search for glory
Neurotic claims
Neurotic pride
Self- hatred (6)
1.Relentless demands on the self
2. Merciless self accusation
3. Self-contempt
4. Self - frustration
5. Self - torment
6. self- destructive actions and impulses
ERIKSON
Mediator between id impulses and superego demands
Contains many important functions of a constructive nature
The principal function of this is to maintain the sense of identity
Ego
ERIKSON
A complex inner state that includes a sense of oneself as unique, yet also a whole within oneself and having continuity with the past and future
Sense of identity
ERIKSON
( THREE INTERRELATED ASPECTS OF EGO)
- Refers to experiences within our body; a way of seeing our physical self as different for other people.
- Represents the image we have of ourselves in comparison with an established ideal
- Image we have of ourselves in the variety of social roles we play
Body ego
Ego ideal
Ego identity
ERIKSON
The idea that human development is governed by a sequence of stages that depend on genetic or hereditary factors
Epigenetic principle of maturation
ERIKSON (STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT STAGES)
Each of the eight stages of development is marked by a conflict between a ____ (harmonious) element and a ____ (disruptive) element, which produces a _____ or ____ Too little basjc strength at any stage results in a ____ for that stage
• Each stage is characterized by an ___ or ____ which may produce either adaptive or maladaptive adjustment
Syntonic
Dystonic
Basic strength
Ego quality
Core pathology
Identity crisis
Turning point
ERIKSON ____
Basic strength: Hope
Core pathology: ____
Trust vs mistrust
Withdrawal
ERIKSON ____
Basic strength: ___
Core pathology: compulsion
When a parents are patient, accepting and encouraging, children acquire a sense of independence and competence
When children are not allowed such freedom and are overprotected they may doubt their ability to deal with the environment
Autonomy vs shame and doubt
Will
ERIKSON ____ (play age)
Basic strength:
Core pathology:
At this stage, children gain greater freedom in exploring the environment. Parents who allow their children freedom to explore and master new tasks are allowing them to develop initiative
Parents who curtail this freedom and make the children feel their activities are pointless and a nuisance, children become passive and feel guilty
Initiative vs guilt
Purpose
Inhibition
ERIKSON ____ (school age)
Basic strength:
Core pathology:
This period reflects the determination of children to master what they are doing so that they develop a successful sense of modesty industry. Parents who supports, reward and encourage children develop their sense of industry
Those who ignore, rebuff, deride children effort are strengthening feelings of inferiority
Industry vs inferiority
Competence
Inertia
ERIKSON _____ (adolescence 12-18)
Basic strength:
Core pathology:
Seeking to find an identity, adolescence try on many new roles. If they experience continuity in their perception of self, identity Develops
When the adolescent fails to develop a sense of identity, he/she experiences role confusion
Identity vs role confusion
Fidelity
Role repudiation
ERIKSON ____ (young adulthood)
Basic strength:
Core pathology:
Young adults reach out and make contact with other people and fuse one’s identity with that of others to develop intimate relationship.
Failure to establish close and intimate relationship results of feeling of isolation
Intimacy vs isolation
Love
Exclusivity
ERIKSON ____ (adulthood)
Basic strength:
Core pathology:
Has to do with parental responsibility, interest in producing and guiding the next generation
Condition in which individuals are not able to find meaning and purpose in life and have a little interest in self-improvement or in making contributions to society
Generativity vs stagnation
Care
Rejectivity
ERIKSON ____ (old age)
Basic strength:
Core pathology:
Individuals in self improvement or in making contributions to society taking stock of the years that have gone before. Some feel sense of satisfaction with life accomplishment
Other experience despair, feeling time is too short for an attempt to start another life.
Integrity vs despair
Wisdom
Disdain
MASLOW (HIERARCHY OF NEEDS)
(Top to low)
1. Desire to become the most that can be ( achieve his full potential)
- Respect, self-esteem, status, recognition, strength, freedom (gain respect and recognition through his achievements)
- Friendship, intimacy, family, sense of connection ( Need to belong and accept)
- Personal security, employment, resources, health, property (includes protection against emotional harm)
- Air, water, food shelter, sleep clothing, reproduction (Necessary for survival)
Self -actualization
Esteem
Love and belonging
Safety needs
Physiological needs
MASLOW
2 Levels of esteem needs
- Perception of the prestige, recognition or fame a person has achieved status in the eyes of others
- A persons own feelings of worth and confidence
Reputation
Self-esteem
MASLOW (NEEDS)
• Needs for art, beauty and the like
• needs for knowledge and understanding
• non-productive needs that are opposed to the basic needs and that block psychological health wether or not they are satisfied
Aesthetic needs
Cognitive needs
Neurotic needs
MASLOW
_____
The fear of one’s best, this complex is characterized by attempts to run away from one’s destiny, represents a fear of success, a fear of being one’s best, and a feeling of awesomeness in the presence of beauty and perfection
Jonah complex
ERIKSON
8 stages of life cycle
Trust vs mistrust
Autonomy vs shame and doubt
Initiative vs guilt
Industry vs inferiority
Identity vs identity/ role confusion
Intimacy vs isolation
Generativity vs stagnation
Integrity vs despair
