ITP (QUALIFYING EXAM) Flashcards
“psyche “ means-
“Logos” means -
Mind/soul
Study of
CHAPTER 1
This includes forms of cognition or the ways of knowing which includes a man’s perception, attention, and capability to remember, to reason and to solve problems
Mental processes
CHAPTER 1
____ is a behavior that can be manifested outwardly (walking, playing, writing)
____ actions that is not directly visible (lying, thinking, learning)
Overt
Covert
CHAPTER 1
____ action that is within one’s awareness
____ actions not aware of doing so
____ bodily activities which may be detected by instrument or apparatus (blood pressure, pulse rate, digestion of food)
Conscious
Unconscious
Non-conscious
CHAPTER 1
____ manifested through an action which is in the realm of sanity and adequate reason (admiring an athlete because of his physique)
___ pertains to actions which are done without any apparent reason and explanation
Rational
Irrational
CHAPTER 1
_____ done with the man’s full will and discretion
_____ actions done automatically (breathing, digestion and circulation of blood)
Voluntary
Involuntary
CHAPTER 1
____ utilizes fewer neurons
____ more neurons
Simple
Complex
CHAPTER 1
the application of principles of biology to the study of mental processes and behavior
Biopsychology
CHAPTER 1
The study of neural mechanisms of perception and behavior through direct manipulation of the brains are of nonhuman animal subjects and controlled experiments.
Physiological psychology
CHAPTER 1
A branch of medicine which exists to study, prevent and treat mental disorders in humans .
Psychiatry
CHAPTER 1
Pertains to the application specialized psychological methods, to the treatment of diagnosed mental disorders or to the problems of a person’s daily adjustment
Psychotherapy
CHAPTER 1
A sub-field of medicine that deals with the various pharmacological agents such as anti-depressants, anti-anxiety, anti-manic
Psychotropic
CHAPTER 1
Branch of medicine which involves the surgical severing and chemical alterations of brain fibers with the purpose of modifying psychological disturbances and other behavior aberrations
Psychosurgery
CHAPTER 1
Merged the discipline of sociology and anthropology together with the basic premise about the common concern of psychology
Social psychology
CHAPTER 1
The study of psychological and neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, use and understand language
Psycholinguistics
CHAPTER 1
A detailed characterization of a certain phenomenon can be presented and be a means of further utilization of the study
Describe
CHAPTER 1
Involves the organization of facts about behavior, development of reasons pertaining with the different relationship among observed behavior, arriving to a reasonable principle in explaining behavior
Understanding
CHAPTER 1
Enable psychologist to anticipate any future actions of an individual, based on past performances of the individual
Predict
CHAPTER 1
Involves the alterations of behavior of the individuals. Further tend to change a certain trait, idea and beliefs of an individual
Control
CHAPTER 1
Belief of gods and spirits who were attributed to be direct cause of events and activities of a man
Animism
CHAPTER 1
Theorized that the human mind is composed of atoms, which penetrate in and out of our system
Democritus
CHAPTER 1
Believe that the soul is distinct to man and is god given (Knower, thinker, determiner)
• Three distinct element
1. Element of reason
2. Spirited element
3. Element of bodily appetite and desire
Plato
Head
Heart
Diaphragm
CHAPTER 1
Father of psychology because he is the first person to put into writing his explanation pertaining the behavior of man
• Functions of the soul
1. Basic maintenance of life
2. Desires and motives
3. Governs reasons that is located in the heart of the brain is merely a gland and would perform minor functions
Aristotle
Vegetative
Appetitive
Rational
CHAPTER 1
Father of the medicine,
First to classify mental disorders during classical period
Hippocrates
CHAPTER 1
Theorized the relation of temperament to physiological factors
• yellow (Cheerfulness)
• Green ( Sluggishness -slow)
• black (sadness)
• red (quick tempered, irritable)
Galen
Sanguine
Phlegmatic
Melancholic
Choleric
CHAPTER 1
Introduced the method of introspection (individual tries to describe his own conscious processes)
St. Augustine of Hippo
CHAPTER 1
Belief that when body dies, the soul separates and becomes a spirit
St. Thomas Aquinas
CHAPTER 1
Introduced the idea of dualism and the concept of reflex action which indicates that the mind and body interact
____ spiritual entity
____ physical or material entity
Rene Descartes
Mind
Body
CHAPTER 1
____ mind blank state that gathers its content through experience that an individual will have in his entire life
John locke
Tabula rasa
CHAPTER 1 (Modern)
Established the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig Germany
• Father of modern psychology
Wilhelm Wundt
CHAPTER 1 (Modern)
Founder of american psychology, met with Wilhelm Wundt and went to publish a two volume book entitled,
“Principle of psychology”
William James
CHAPTER 1 (Contemporary)
Father of psychoanalysis, underwent a thorough study of the unconscious mind and developed the psychoanalytic process of free association
Sigmund Freud
CHAPTER 1 (Contemporary)
Developed his theory of the origin of neurosis, a neo Freudian and established analytic psychology
Carl jung
CHAPTER 1 (Contemporary)
Conceptualize the importance of superiority and inferiority as a factor that affects man’s existence
Alfred Adler
CHAPTER 1 (Contemporary)
Made a theory that human beings have the basic need for love and security
Karen horney
CHAPTER 1 ( Contemporary)
Major contribution to psychology through the statistical evaluation of human behavior, developed the chi-squared statistics
Karl Pearson
CHAPTER 1 (Contemporary)
“First systematic psychometrician” and father of classical test theory
Charles spearman
CHAPTER 1 ( Contemporary)
Developed the first intelligence quotient (IQ) test
Alfred binet and Theodore simon
CHAPTER 1 (Contemporary)
First experimental model of learning, classical conditioning
Ivan pavlov
CHAPTER 1 ( Contemporary)
Operant conditioning, contributed the system of operant conditioning of which in the idea the organism is in the process of operating on the environment, which in ordinary terms means it is bouncing around its world
BF skinner
CHAPTER 1 (Schools )
Believed that the chief purpose of psychology was to describe, analyze and explain conscious experience, particularly feelings and sensations
Structuralism
CHAPTER 1 (schools)
Importance of “function of the mind”
Importance of functional adjustment of an organism to his environment
Functionalism
CHAPTER 1 (Schools)
Believed that observable behavior, not inner experience, was the only reliable source of information
• stressed the importance of the environment in shaping an individual’s behavior
Behaviorism
CHAPTER 1 (Schools)
To “ Configure” or to form or pattern
Believed that human beings and other animals perceive the external world as an organized pattern
Gestalt
CHAPTER 1 (Schools)
Behavior is determined by powerful inner forces, most of which are buried in the unconscious mind
Psychoanalysis
CHAPTER 1 (Schools)
A theoretical perspective that focuses on the realms of human perception, thought and memory
Cognitive psychology
CHAPTER 1 (Schools)
Believe in both free will and the uniqueness of the individual. Individual behaviors are not seen as evil or good, but neutral, interpreted only by the individual
Existentialist psychology
CHAPTER 1 (Schools)
Believed that an individual behavior is primarily determined by his perception of the world around him; individuals are not solely the product of their environment l; and individuals are internally directed and motivated to fulfill their human potential
Humanistic
CHAPTER 1 (Branches & other related field)
Based from proposed explanation or conclusion involves theories, concepts and basic principles
Theoretical
CHAPTER 1 (Branches & other related field)
____Observation and experiment
_____ study the cause of behavioral disorders
Experimental
Abnormal
CHAPTER 1 (Branches and related field of psychology)
Study the functions of the different organs and systems of the body relating to behavior
Physiological
CHAPTER 1 (Branches and related field of psychology)
Interpretation of internal drives and motives
Dynamic
CHAPTER 1 (Branches and related field of psychology)
Growth and development
Developmental
CHAPTER 1 (Branches and related field of psychology)
Behavior and mental processes of different species
Comparative
CHAPTER 1 (Branches and related field of psychology)
Application of concepts, theories and principles
Applied
CHAPTER 1 (Branches and related field of psychology)
Alleviating and preventing mental illness
Counseling
CHAPTER 1 (Branches and related field of psychology)
Treatment of mental disorders
Clinical
CHAPTER 1 (Branches and related field of psychology)
Measurement of behavior and capacities through the psychological tests
Psychometric
CHAPTER 1 (Branches and related field of psychology)
The application of the Principle of biology to the study of mental processes and behavior
Biopsychology
CHAPTER 1 (Branches and related field of psychology)
The study of neural mechanisms of perception and behavior through direct manipulation of the brains of nonhuman animal subjects in controlled experiments
Physiological psychology
CHAPTER 1 (Branches and related field of psychology)
A branch of medicine which exists to study, prevent and treat mental disorders in human
Psychiatry
CHAPTER 1 (Branches and related field of psychology)
Pertains to the application of specialized psychological methods to the treatment of diagnosed mental disorders or to the problems of a person’s daily adjustment
Psychotherapy
CHAPTER 1 (Methods Used by psychologist)
Method of examining and interpreting but never interfering with the behavior being studied
Naturalistic observation
CHAPTER 1 (Methods Used by psychologist)
Direct observation; participate with the subject
Participant observation
CHAPTER 1 (Methods Used by psychologist)
Used when the investigator wants to investigate a larger group within a shorter time
Survey
CHAPTER 1 (Methods Used by psychologist)
Used to study behavior which can be brought into the laboratory and studied under controlled behavior
Experimental
CHAPTER 1 (Methods Used by psychologist)
Search for relationship
Correlational studies
CHAPTER 1 (Methods Used by psychologist)
A complete detailed account of phenomenon or any social event which may have scientific value or which may provide insight into group behavior
Case history method
CHAPTER 1 (Methods Used by psychologist)
Search for materials in libraries or other recorded sources
Historical method
CHAPTER 1 (Methods Used by psychologist)
Useful in investigating and accumulating proofs in the biological basis of learning, memory and behavior
Animal studies
CHAPTER 1 (Methods Used by psychologist)
A research method which observes a particular population over a certain period of time
Longitudinal studies
CHAPTER 1 (Methods Used by psychologist)
Involves the study of both health individuals and patients, typically who have suffered either brain injury or mental illnesses
Neuropsychological methods
CHAPTER 1 (Methods Used by psychologist)
A tool often used in mathematical psychology and cognitive psychology to stimulate a particular behavior using a computer
Computational modelling
CHAPTER 2
____ Changes in bodily appearance and structure
____ Changes in social and emotional aspects of personality
____ changes in thought processes that could affect language, learning abilities and memory
Physical development
Psychosocial development
Cognitive development
CHAPTER 2 (Change in Development)
____ Refers to a progressive series of change leading to improvement (Motor skills)
___ Measurable changes in an individual like changes in height, body proportion (Growth)
Qualitative changes
Quantitative changes
CHAPTER 2
___ a process whereby traits of parents are handed down to their offspring via the genes
___ refers to all forces that affect man
Heredity
Environment
CHAPTER 2 (Mechanics of heredity)
Three factors which are indispensable namely; ___, ____, ____
Time
Heredity
Environment
CHAPTER 2
___ chromosomes contains human
___ pairs each from parent
46
23
CHAPTER 2
Classified as ;
____ or trait chromosomes
____ or sex chromosomes
Autosomes
Genosomes
CHAPTER 2
• if the zygote or fertilized egg receive an X from its mother and another X from its father, the offspring will be a ___
• If the zygote receives an X from the mother and Y from the father, the offspring will be a ___
Girl
Boy
CHAPTER 2 (Principles of Heredity)
_____ states that “like begets like” where human individuals will reproduce their own kind
Principles of reproduction
CHAPTER 2 (Principles of Heredity)
____ states the “NO” two individuals of any kind are exactly “alike” even identical twins have mild differences like one could be slightly taller than the other
Principles of variation
