Tom 115-121 Flashcards
When was the papacy strongest?
13th century: beginning of medieval period
Who considered himself no longer the substitute of St Peter, but instead the substitute of Christ?
Pope Innocent III
Who was a trained canon lawyer and a drastic foe of corruption?
Pope Innocent III
Who wrote “De Contemptu Mundi”?
(On Contempt of the World)
Pope Innocent III
Which emperor did Pope Innocent III depose with the help of France?
Emeperor Otto
Who did Pope Innocent III level an inderdict at when he tried to take another wife?
Philip Augustus of France
Who excommunicated and deposed King John of England for appointing his own archbishop?
Pope Innocent III
Which crusade aimed to take Jerusalem by way of Egypt, but was abandoned by many supporters who wanted to go to Jerusalem first?
Fourth Crusade
Why did the Eastern emperor submit to Rome/Pope Innocent III in 1274?
Military support/protection against crusaders
Who founded the order of the Franciscans?
St. Francis of Assisi
Who helped found the order of St Clare/Poor Clares with Clare of Assisi?
St. Francis of Assisi
What did apostolic poverty refer to?
Reflected how the apostles only carried a staff, sandals, and the clothes on their backs
Which order affirmed apostolic poverty?
Mendicant Monasticism through Franciscans
Who was the first person to receive the stigmata?
St. Francis of Assisi
What was the term for bleeding from the same places Jesus bled on the cross?
Stigmata
What did the Franciscans eventually split into, despite Francis’ attempts to prevent it?
Spirituals (traditional)
Compentuals
Who was known as the Patron Saint of Creation and Animals?
St. Francis of Assisi
Which order was known as the order of Preachers and Teachers?
Dominicans
Which order sought to convert the Cathals, while still being impressed by their devoutness?
Dominicans
Was poverty an ideal of the Dominican order?
No, but they did implement it
Where did many Dominicans end up after the Cathars were exterminated by the Inquisition?
Universities and teaching positions
Which Lateran Council established 70 canons/laws, the Doctrine of Transubstantiation, a 5th crusade against Egypt, barred new monastic orders from being established, and required citizens to annually confess to priests/take mass?
Pope Innocent III at the 4th Lateran Council of 1215
What was the organization of bishops ordered to detect and destroy heresy?
Episcopal Inquisition
Which Inquisition was known for the severity of its questioning and lack of rights afforded to the accused?
Episcopal Inquisition
In which 2 countries was the Episcopal Inquisition never instituted?
England
Scandinavia
What order did Thomas Aquinas follow?
Dominicans
Who wrote the Summa Theologiae? (Manual of Theology)
Thomas Aquinas
Who wrote the Summa Contra Gentiles? (Manual Against the Heathen)
Thomas Aquinas
What order believed that reason and philosophy independent of faith and therefore can come to contradictory conclusions?
Averroists
Who believed in contemplation and the spiritual realm being more real than the physical?
Plato
Who believed that observation determined reality and that the physical realm was real?
Aristotle
Who founded the idea of the Prime Mover?
Aristotle
Which concept, developed by Aristotle, declares that something has to set something else in motion, and therefore causes & effects can be traced through history to find the original first creator?
Prime Mover
Who believed that souls are mortal and the universe was immortal?
Aristotle
What was the weakness in Aristotle’s evaluation of what is real?
His theology discounted divine revelation & God’s acts/interactions with the world
What is the term for applying philosophical speculation toward a better understanding of the Xn faith?
Scholasticism
What are the 3 steps of the scholastic method?
- Begin with affirmation (thesis)
- Compare it to doubt (antithesis)
- Logically seek a resolution (synthesis)
Which friend of Thomas Aquinas believed that faith was necessary for correct understanding and that
faith > reason?
Bonaventure
