Tom 110-114 Flashcards
Who sought to overcome the limitations of theology being reduced to citing examples?
Peter Abelard
Who wrote “Yes and No” to reconcile disagreements between the Bible/various authorities, and overcome limitations of theology?
Peter Abelard
Whose method involved
1. Pose question
2. Cite authorities for answers
3. Solution
Peter Abelard
Who condemned Peter Abelard as a heretic in 1141?
Bernard of Clairvaux
What did Abelard believe regarding the Theory of Atonement?
Christ’s love evokes our grateful response
Who was a mystic devoted to contemplation of the humanity of X?
Bernard of Clairvaux
What did Bernard of Clairvaux identify as first and foremost?
A monk
Who was considered the power behind and above the pope?
Bernard of Clairvaux
Who advocated for military monks: the Knight’s Templar?
Bernard of Clairvaux
Who was the enemy of all theological innovation (against Abelard)?
Bernard of Clairvaux
Who wrote the “Four Books of Sentences”?
Peter Lombard
Who initiated the formulation of the 7 Sacraments?
Peter Lombard
Who were the 3 main forerunners of Scholasticism?
Anselm
Abelard
Lombard
What was the main question during the disagreements between the Cathars and Waldensians and the church?
“Who is church?”
Who were the Cathars/Pures also known as?
Albigenes
What movement blended Gnostic/dualistic/manichean beliefs?
Cathars
Why were the Cathars (rightfully) deemed heretical?
They believed that Christ didn’t have a physical body
What were the two ranks in the Cathar system?
Perfects
Believers
What group declared Pope Innocent to be Constantine’s successor, not Peter’s?
Cathars
Were the Cathars exterminated or dispersed by the Inquisition?
Exterminated
What did Pope Innocent blame for the rise of the Cathars?
Wordly clergy
Who was a merchant mendicant but not a monk?
Peter Waldo/Valdes
Who founded the Waldensian movement?
Peter Waldo/Valdes
What movement allowed ordinary people to baptize others if a local priest was unsuitable?
Waldensians
Who paid to have large portions of the gospel translated to vernacular, learned them by heart, and passed them on to preachers and teachers to carry out?
Peter Waldo/Valdes
Who challenged watered-down Christianity instead of the Bible?
Peter Waldo/Valdes
What movement was excommunicated as heretics but were not actually heretical?
Waldensians
Were the Waldensians exterminated or dispersed by the Inquisition?
Dispersed
Which Moslem leader took Jerusalem and gave civilians their freedom for 10 pence?
Saladin
Where did King Philip of France and Richard the Lionhearted conquer when they could not take Moslem-controlled Jerusalem?
Acre, a port near Jerusalem
Who signed a 3-year truce with Saladin in order to maintain control of the Acre port and gave access to the Holy Sepulchre?
Richard the Lionhearted
