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Head and Neck Anatomy BDS3 > TMJ and Muscles of Mastication > Flashcards

TMJ and Muscles of Mastication Flashcards

1
Q

what are the parts of the mandible

A

body, ramus, angle, coronoid process, condylar process

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2
Q

what is the area between the 2 mandibular processes called

A

mandibular notch

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3
Q

what is the mental protuberance

A

prominent part of chin

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4
Q

what is the mental foramina

A

foramen for nerves and blood vessels

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5
Q

what is the mandibular symphysis

A

where 2 sides of mandibles fuse

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6
Q

where is the mandibular foramina

A

in the medial side where IAN travels

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7
Q

how is the mylohyoid line clinically relevant

A

if dental infection travels inferior to the line it spreads to floor of mouth and submandibular region causing LUDWIGS ANGINA

dentures also need to stop anterior to the line as it attaches to mylohyoid

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8
Q

what is the mylohyoid groove

A

where the nerve to mylohyoid passes through

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9
Q

where does the mandible articulate with the skull

A

at the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone just anterior to external acoustic meatus

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10
Q

what is the TMJ comprised of

A

mandibular fossa of temporal bone and condylar process of mandible

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11
Q

what type of joint is the TMJ

A

modified hinge synovial joint

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12
Q

how is the TMJ an atypical joint

A

as fibrocartilage covers the bony surfaces instead of hyalinecartilage

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13
Q

what are the different cavities of the TMJ

A

superior and inferior articular cavities

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14
Q

what type of dislocation occurs most commonly with the TMJ

A

anterior dislocation

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15
Q

what are the 2 types of ligament in the TMJ and how many of each are there

A

2 extrinsic and 1 intrinsic

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16
Q

what are the 2 extrinsic ligaments of the TMJ

A

sphenomandibular and stylomandibular

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17
Q

what is the intrinsic ligament in the TMJ

A

lateral ligament

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18
Q

what is the function of the sphenomandibular ligament

A

primary passive support of the mandible, supports movement as acts as fulcrum

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19
Q

where does the sphenomandibular ligament attach

A

spine of sphenoid to lingula on medial side of mandible

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20
Q

where does the stylomandibular ligament attach to

A

styloid process to angle of mandible

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21
Q

what is the function of the lateral ligament

A

strengthens TMJ laterally, prevents dislocation

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22
Q

what does the lateral ligament work with to prevent dislocation

A

postglenoid tubercle

23
Q

when is the TMJ most unstable and why

A

during depression as condylar processes move anteriorly and lie underneath articular eminences with mandibular head vulnerable to dislocation

24
Q

what are the 5 movements of the mandible

A

protrusion, retraction, elevation, depression, lateral movements

25
Q

what muscle protrudes the mandible

A

lateral pterygoid

26
Q

what muscle retracts the mandible and what cavity does it occur in

A

temporalis, in superior cavity

27
Q

what muscles elevate the mandible and what cavity does it occur in

A

temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid, inferior cavity

28
Q

what depresses the mandible and what cavity does it occur in

A

gravity, suprahyoid, infrahyoid, lateral pterygoid, inferior cavity

29
Q

how do the infrahyoids contribute to the depression of the mandible

A

they fix/move the hyoid bone to allow suprahyoids to depress the mouth

30
Q

what muscles allow lateral (chewing) movements

A

temporalis on same side and pterygoids on opposite side

31
Q

when there is no movement, what position is the mandible in

A

heads in retracted position in mandibular fossa and chin elevated by tone of retractors and elevators

32
Q

what are the gliding movements

A

protrusion and retraction

33
Q

what happens during dislocation

A

the mandible slips forward to articular tubercle but slips too far

34
Q

why does dislocation happen

A

excessive contraction of lateral pterygoids (either yawning/large bite) or a sideways blow to the chin whilst mouth is open

35
Q

what happens once the mandible is dislocated

A

it remains in a depressed position and cannot close

36
Q

what nerves are of close relationship to the TMJ

A

facial and auriculotemporal nerves

37
Q

what nerve overlies the TMJ

A

facial nerve

38
Q

what nerves supply the TMJ

A

articular branches of the auriculotemporal nerve

39
Q

how do the articular branches of the auriculotemporal nerve get damaged

A

trauma and rupture of articular capsule or due to surgery

40
Q

what happens if the articular branches of the auriculotemporal nerve get damaged

A

the jaw is even more lax and unstable

41
Q

what are the muscles of mastication supplied by

A

CNV3

42
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the temporalis

A

origin - temporal fossa and fascia
insertion - coronoid process of mandible and anterior border of ramus of mandible near last molar

43
Q

what is the function of the temporalis

A

retracts and elevates mandible

44
Q

what is the temporalis innervated by

A

deep temporal nerves from anterior trunk of CNV3

45
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the masseter

A

origin - maxillary process of zygomatic bone and anterior 2/3rd of inferior border of zygomatic arch
insertion - angle of lateral surface of ramus of mandible

46
Q

what is the function of the masseter

A

elevation of the mandible

47
Q

what is the masseter innervated by

A

masseteric nerve from anterior trunk of CNV3

48
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the medial pterygoid

A

origin - medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate and maxillary tuberosity and pyramidal process of palatine bone
insertion - medial surface of ramus and angle of mandible

49
Q

what is the action of the medial pterygoid

A

elevates mandible and assists with lateral movements

50
Q

what is the innervation of the medial pterygoid

A

nerve to medial pterygoid from main trunk of CNV3

51
Q

what is the clinical relevance of the medial pterygoid

A

when giving an IDB the needle can pierce the medial pterygoid and cause trismus

52
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the lateral pterygoid

A

origin - infratemporal surface of greater wing of sphenoid bone and lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate
insertion - front of neck of mandible

53
Q

what is the action of the lateral pterygoid

A

protrudes mandible, assists medial pterygoid with lateral side to side movements and depresses mandible

54
Q

what is the innervation of the lateral pterygoid

A

nerve to medial pterygoid and buccal nerve from anterior trunk CNV3

Head and Neck Anatomy BDS3 (25 decks)

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