Parotid Region and Facial Nerve Flashcards

1
Q

where is the parotid region

A

anterior to the ear and inferior to the zygomatic arch

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2
Q

what does the parotid region contain

A

parotid gland, parotid duct, facial nerve, ECA, retromandibular vein

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3
Q

where is the parotid gland

A

outside of the oral cavity between zygomatic arch and lower border of mandible

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4
Q

what is the parotid gland enclosed in

A

the parortid sheath

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5
Q

what is the parotid sheath

A

tough capsule derived from investing layer of fascia

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6
Q

where does the parotid duct enter the mouth

A

near upper 2nd molars

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7
Q

what structure does the parotid duct pierce

A

buccinator

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8
Q

what makes the parotid gland flexible

A

fatty tissue between lobes of gland

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9
Q

what structures are embedded in the parotid gland

A

retromandibular vein, external carotid artery, parotid lymph nodes, CNVII

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10
Q

what does the external carotid artery give off when it enters the parotid gland

A

posterior auricular artery

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11
Q

what are the terminal branches of the external carotid artery

A

superficial temporal and maxillary artery

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12
Q

what is the arterial supply to the parotid gland

A

superficial temporal, maxillary and posterior auricular

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13
Q

where do the preganglionic fibres for the parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland come from and where do they go

A

from glossopharyngeal nerve to the otic ganglion in the tympanic nerve and lesser petrosal nerve

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14
Q

where do the postganglionic fibres in the parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland come from and where do they go

A

from the otic ganglion to the auriculotemporal nerve and then parotid gland

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15
Q

what is the sympathetic innervation from the parotid gland from

A

superior cervical ganglion and nerve plexus on the external carotid artery

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16
Q

what does the sympathetic innervation of the parotid gland lead to

A

vasoconstriction and some reduction in the volume of saliva that leads to dry mouth

17
Q

where does the intratemporal portion of the facial nerve travel once it exits the pons

A

into internal acoustic meatus then facial canal.

18
Q

what do the 2 roots of the facial nerve join to form

A

geniculate ganglion

19
Q

before exiting the skull, what branches come off of the facial nerve

A

nerve to stapedius (middle ear), chorda tympani (joins lingual to tongue)

20
Q

where does the facial nerve exit the skull

A

stylomastoid foramen

21
Q

what branches of the facial nerve are given off at the extratemporal part

A

posterior auricular and digastric branch

22
Q

what re the 5 branches of the parotid gland

A

temporal branch, zygomatic branch, buccal branches, marginal mandibular branch, cervical branch

23
Q

if the zygomatic branch is paralysed what does it affect

A

orbicularis oculi, inferior eyelid falls away and lacrimal fluid cannot be spread and falls onto face = corneal damage

24
Q

if the buccal branch is paralysed what does it affect

A

buccinator and orbicularis oris - food needs to be manually removed if accumulated in mouth

25
Q

what is the suspected cause of bells palsy

A

unknown but could be viral infections around the facial nerve

26
Q

what is important to remember to give to a patient with bells palsy

A

eye patch

27
Q

if bells palsy lasts more than 2 years what can be done to fix aesthetics

A

static reconstruction using tensor fasciae latae from leg

28
Q

what procedure can lead to bruising/injury to the facial nerve

A

parotidectomy

29
Q

if you suspect that a parotidectomy will damage the facial nerve, which nerve can be grafted to replace it

A

great auricular nerve

30
Q

what is mumps

A

viral infection in children

31
Q

what are the symptoms of mumps

A

fever, headache, joint pain

32
Q

what clinical sign is detectable when a child has mumps

A

swelling of parotid gland

33
Q

why is the swelling of the parotid gland painful

A

as it is in a fibrous capsule