Lymphatics of Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the lymphatic system

A

drainage of surplus tissue, fluid and plasma proteins

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2
Q

what happens to the lymphatic vessels if there is an infection

A

they swell

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3
Q

where is the thoracic duct

A

left venous angle

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4
Q

what drains into the thoracic duct

A

all of body (not right quadrant)

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5
Q

where does the right quadrant of the body drain to

A

right lymphatic duct

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6
Q

what are the 5 groups of lymph nodes in the head

A

occipital, posterior auricular, anterior auricular, superficial parotid, facial

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7
Q

what do the posterior and anterior auricular and superficial parotid drain

A

external ear, lacrimal glands, adjacent regions of scalp and face

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8
Q

what does the occipital nodes drain

A

the scalp of that region

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9
Q

where are the facial nodes located

A

along facial vein

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10
Q

what are the 4 groups of the facial nodes

A

nasolabial, buccal, mandibular, infraorbital

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11
Q

what is the pattern of drainage in the facial nodes

A

from superior to inferior and then to deep cervical nodes

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12
Q

what nodes appear bigger when there is an infection in the teeth

A

facial (submandibular)

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13
Q

what are the deep parotid lymph nodes

A

deep parotid and retropharyngeal

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14
Q

what are the 4 groups of lymph nodes within the neck

A

submental, submandibular, external jugular, interior jugular

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15
Q

what do the submental nodes drain

A

lower lip, chin, floor of mouth, apex of tongue and mandibular incisors

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16
Q

where do the submental nodes drain to

A

deep cervical nodes

17
Q

what is swelling in the submental nodes due to

A

epstein barr/dental infections/cancer spread

18
Q

where are the submandibular lymph nodes

A

in submandibular triangle

19
Q

what do submandibular lymph nodes drain

A

cheek, upper lip, body of tongue, anterior hard palate and most of teeth

20
Q

what is enlargement in the submandibular glands due to

A

head and neck infections from sinuses, ears, eyes, scalp and pharynx

21
Q

what does the submandibular glands transfer infection from

A

oral cavity, nasal cavity, submandibular salivary glands

22
Q

what are external jugular lymph nodes

A

secondary lymph nodes

23
Q

what do the external jugular lymph nodes drain

A

the back of the head

24
Q

what determines whether the deep cervical lymph nodes are superior or inferior

A

based on where the omohyoid crosses the IJV

25
Q

what do the superior deep cervical nodes drain

A

posterior nasal cavity, posterior hard palate, soft palate, base of tongue, maxillary 3rd molars, TMJ, oesophagus, trachea, thyroid gland

26
Q

name a prominent superior deep cervical node, where is it, what does it drain

A

jugulodigastric (tonsillar node)
posterior to angle of mandible
drains palatine tonsils

27
Q

what do the inferior deep cervical nodes drain

A

posterior scalp, neck, superior pectoral, arm

28
Q

what nodes are of greater risk of breast cancer

A

inferior deep cervical nodes

29
Q

name a prominent inferior deep cervical node and what does it drain

A

jugulo-omohyoid
drains tongue, submental triangle

30
Q

where are the supraclavicular nodes

A

near sternoclavicular joint and thoracic duct

31
Q

what do nodes feel like in malignancy

A

hard but painless

32
Q

if there is a swelling in the submandibular lymph nodes, where could the disease be

A

oral cavity, face, nasal cavity, maxillary sinus

33
Q

if there is a swelling in the supraclavicular lymph nodes, where could the disease be

A

thorax and abdomen

34
Q

how are the lymph nodes clinically relevant

A

lymphogenous spread of cancer
points to systemic/local disease