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Head and Neck Anatomy BDS3 > Larynx > Flashcards

Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the larynx

A

speech production

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2
Q

what are the boundaries of the larynx

A

laryngopharynx and trachea

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3
Q

how many laryngeal cartilages are there

A

9

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4
Q

what are the 3 single cartilages

A

cricoid, thyroid, epiglottis

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5
Q

what are the 3 paired cartilages

A

arytenoid, cuneiform, corniculate

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6
Q

how is the epiglottis attached to the hyoid bone

A

by the epiglottic ligament

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7
Q

what is the prominence on the thyroid called

A

laryngeal prominence

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8
Q

how are the superior border of thyroid cartilage and superior bone attached to the hyoid bone

A

through the thyrohyoid membrane

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9
Q

what joint does the inferior horn of thyroid cartilage and the articular surface of cricoid cartilage form

A

cricothyroid joint

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10
Q

what is the function of the joints on either side of the cricoid and thyroid cartilage

A

for rotation and gliding of thyroid cartilage, change length of vocal folds and pitch of voice

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11
Q

what attaches the cricoid to the first tracheal ring

A

by cricotracheal ring

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12
Q

how are the cricoid cartilage and thyroid cartilage attached

A

cricothyroid ligament

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13
Q

what is the clinical significance of the median cricothyroid ligament

A

it is where the surgical airway is put in with a cricothyrotomy

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14
Q

where is the epiglottis

A

between oropharynx and laryngopharynx

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15
Q

what is the function of the epiglottis

A

protect airway from food

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16
Q

how is the epiglottis attached to the thyroid cartilage

A

by thyroepiglottic ligament

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17
Q

on what surface does the arytenoid cartilages articulate with the cricoid cartilage

A

inferior surface

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18
Q

what is the shape of the arytenoid cartilages

A

pyramidal with vocal press anteriorly and large muscular process on the base

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19
Q

what does the anterior vocal press of the arytenoid cartilage do

A

provide posterior attachment for vocal ligament

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20
Q

what is the extrinsic membrane

A

thyrohyoid membrane

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21
Q

where is the thyrohyoid membrane

A

between thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone

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22
Q

what are the intrinsic ligaments and membranes

A

quadrangular membrane, cricothyroid ligament, vocal ligament, vestibular ligament, aryepiglottic ligament

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23
Q

where is the quadrangular membrane

A

from arytenoid cartilage to thyroid cartilage to epiglottis

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24
Q

what is the free inferior margin of the quadrangular membrane

A

vestibular ligament

25
Q

what is the free superior ligament of the quadrangular membrane

A

aryepiglottic ligament (forms epiglottic fold)

26
Q

where does the cricothyroid ligament run from

A

from cricoid to arytenoid to thyroid cartilage

27
Q

what does the cricothyroid ligament form laterally and superiorly

A

conus elasticus laterally
vocal ligament superiorly

28
Q

what is the vocal ligament made of

A

superior free edge of cricothyroid ligament

29
Q

what are the 3 laryngeal folds

A

aryepiglottic, vestibular and vocal

30
Q

where is the aryepiglottic fold

A

over the superior free edge of the quadrangular membrane

31
Q

what does the aryepiglottic fold form

A

laryngeal inlet

32
Q

what is the laryngeal inlet

A

protective sphincter of the larynx

33
Q

what are the false vocal cords

A

vestibular

34
Q

what are the true vocal cords

A

vocal folds

35
Q

where is the vestibular fold

A

over inferior edge of quadrangular membrane (vestibular ligament)

36
Q

what is the function of the vestibular fold

A

protection

37
Q

where is the vocal fold

A

over the superior free edge of the cricothyroid ligament (vocal ligament)

38
Q

what is the function of the vocal fold

A

sound production

39
Q

what are the 3 functions of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles

A

open or close rima glottidis
alter tension of vocal folds
open or close laryngeal inlet

40
Q

what important role do the vocal and vestibular folds play

A

coughing, sneezing and raising intraabdominal pressure during parturition and defecation and lifting heavy objects

41
Q

what are the extrinsic muscles

A

infrahyoid, suprahyoids, stylopharyngeus

42
Q

what is the function of the extrinsic muscles

A

move larynx as a whole

43
Q

which muscle opens the rima glottidis

A

posterior crictoarytenoid but abducting vocal folds

44
Q

what muscles closes the rima glottidis

A

transverse arytenoid muscle (extends the oblique arytenoid muscles)
lateral cricothyroid muscle (adduction)

45
Q

what is the result of lengthened vocal fold on pitch and what muscle does this

A

higher pitch due to increased tension
cricothyroid muscle (pulls thyroid cartilage)

46
Q

what is the result of shortened vocal folds on pitch and what muscle does this

A

lower pitch due to reduced tension
thyroarytenoid muscle (pulls arytenoid cartilages)

47
Q

what muscle is the principle tensor

A

cricothyroid muscle

48
Q

what muscle is the principle relaxer

A

thyroarytenoid muscle

49
Q

what is the closure of the laryngeal inlet by

A

oblique arytenoid muscle acting as purse string to bring aryepiglottic folds together
also extrinsic muscles elevating the larynx

50
Q

what is the opening of the laryngeal inlet by

A

descent of larynx by elastic recoil

51
Q

what are the intrinsic muscles supplied by

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

52
Q

what is the sensory nerve supply of the vocal folds

A

above them is by internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve
below is by recurrent laryngeal nerve

53
Q

what does the rima glottiidis look like during quiet respiration

A

triangular shape as muscles are relaxed
vocal and vestibular folds abducted

54
Q

what does the rima glottidis look like during forced inspiration

A

more widely opening by posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
kite shaped

55
Q

what does the rima glottidis look like when during speech production

A

closed and air forced through which vibrates
vocal folds adducted

56
Q

what does the larynx look like when swallowing

A

rima glottidis closed
vocal and vestibular folds adducted
vestibule closed by vestibular folds for extra protection

57
Q

what is the forced expiratory effort called

A

valsalva manoeuvre

58
Q

why is the valsalva manoeuvre perfomed

A

equalise pressure in middle ear

Head and Neck Anatomy BDS3 (25 decks)

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