Gross Anatomy of Brain and Spinal Cord Part 1

Question 1

what is the dominant hemisphere

Answer 1

left

Question 2

what is the left hemisphere responsible for

Answer 2

language, reading, writing, and speech

Question 3

what is the non-dominant hemisphere for

Answer 3

orientation of body, visual experiences, thought processes

Question 4

what are the two hemispheres connected by

Answer 4

corpus callosum

Question 5

what is the surface of the cerebral hemispheres covered by

Answer 5

gyri and sulci

Question 6

what is the function of the gyri and sulci

Answer 6

increase the surface of the brain

Question 7

what are the most obvious fissures in the brain

Answer 7

longitudinal fissure and central sulcus

Question 8

what is the outer surface of the brain called

Answer 8

cerebral cortex

Question 9

what is the cerebral cortex made of

Answer 9

6 layers of neural cell bodies

Question 10

what is the function of the cerebral cortex

Answer 10

responsible for higher brain activities and interpretation of impulses from sensory organs and initiation of motor responses

Question 11

what are the ridges of the cerebellum called

Answer 11

folia

Question 12

what are the 2 lobes of the cerebellum united by

Answer 12

the vermis

Question 13

where does the midbrain lie

Answer 13

junction of middle and posterior cranial fossa

Question 14

what are the parts of the brainstem

Answer 14

medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain

Question 15

what is the diencephalon composed of

Answer 15

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

Question 16

what are the lobes of the cerebrum

Answer 16

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

Question 17

what does the limbic system contain

Answer 17

hippocampus and amygdala

Question 18

what does the frontal lobe contain

Answer 18

prefrontal cortex, motor cortex, broca’s area

Question 19

what is the function of the prefrontal cortex

Answer 19

problem solving, complex planning, decision making, predicting outcomes, personality

Question 20

what are the parts of the motor cortex

Answer 20

premotor cortex, supplementary motor area, primary motor cortex

Question 21

what is the function of the premotor cortex

Answer 21

somatic motor association area coordinating learnt movements

Question 22

what does the supplementary motor area do

Answer 22

movement of contralateral limbs

Question 23

what is the function of the primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus)

Answer 23

key area for motor control and movements. bilateral movement of paired muscles

Question 24

what does broca’s area do

Answer 24

production of speech, regulates breathing pattern while speaking

Question 25

what is broca's aphasia

Answer 25

patient comprehends sufficiently but cannot form words so speech is jumbled and unintelligible

Question 26

what is the function of the parietal lobe

Answer 26

processing sensory information

Question 27

what are the parts of the parietal lobe

Answer 27

primary somatosensory cortex and posterior parietal cortex

Question 28

what is another name for the primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 28

postcentral gyrus

Question 29

what is the primary somatosensory cortex responsible for

Answer 29

tactile sensation, pain, pressure, touch

Question 30

what is the function of the posterior parietal cortex

Answer 30

integration of sensory information, spatial perception, spatial attention, cognitive functions

Question 31

what happens if there is a stroke on the right parietal lobe

Answer 31

causes patients to neglect the left side of body

Question 32

what disease shrinks the parietal lobe

Answer 32

alzheimers

Question 33

what does shrinking of the parietal lobe do?

Answer 33

impairs cognitive function (difficulty with navigation as visual, spatial and orientation parts of parietal lobes are destructed)

Question 34

what is somatotopic localisation

Answer 34

the idea that particular areas of the body are mapped to a particular area of the brain

Question 35

what does the cortical homunculus show

Answer 35

motor and sensory areas of the brain

Question 36

what part of the brain is the motor cortex in with regards to the cortical homunculus

Answer 36

precentral gyrus

Question 37

what part of the brain is the somatosensory cortex in with regards to the cortical homunculus

Answer 37

postcentral gyrus

Question 38

why is to homunculus distorted

Answer 38

the areas are allocated depending on either the complexity of motor function OR the amount of sensory receptors

Question 39

what is the function of the occipital lobe

Answer 39

visual processing centre of the brain

Question 40

what is the main part of the occipital lobe

Answer 40

primary visual cortex

Question 41

where is the primary visual cortex located

Answer 41

around the calcarine sulcus

Question 42

what does the primary visual cortex receive information from

Answer 42

thalamus

Question 43

what is the primary visual cortex surrounded by

Answer 43

other parts of visual cortex - secondary visual area and visual association area

Question 44

what does it mean if the primary visual cortex is damaged

Answer 44

person can still see letters but cannot understand the meaning or recognise them as words

Question 45

what is the function of the temporal lobe

Answer 45

process sensory information, long term memory formation and recognition, visual perception and recognition, processing of olfactory stimuli

Question 46

what are the parts of the temporal lobe

Answer 46

auditory cortex, wernickes area, wernickes aphasia

Question 47

what is the function of the auditory cortex

Answer 47

hearing, speech, words, pitch, tone

Question 48

what is the function of wernickes area

Answer 48

language comprehension, coordinates access to auditory and visual memories to be able to read, understand and say things out loud

Question 49

what is wernickes aphasia

Answer 49

able to speak words easily but meaningless word pieces (word salad), not sure of relationship of words being used

Question 50

what does temporal lobe lesions cause

Answer 50

memory problems

Question 51

what does parietal lobe lesions cause

Answer 51

disorientation

Question 52

what lobes does alzheimers affect

Answer 52

parietal and temporal

Question 53

where is the insula found

Answer 53

deep to lateral sulcus, concealed by frontal, temporal and parietal lobes

Question 54

what is the anterior insula involved in

Answer 54

language

Question 55

what is the posterior insula involved in

Answer 55

integrating information relating to touch, vision and hearing

Question 56

overall what is the insula's function

Answer 56

integration of sensation, pain, maintenance of CV homeostasis, empathy, planning and coordination of movements needed for speech