Gross Anatomy of Brain and Spinal Cord Part 1 Flashcards
what is the dominant hemisphere
left
what is the left hemisphere responsible for
language, reading, writing, and speech
what is the non-dominant hemisphere for
orientation of body, visual experiences, thought processes
what are the two hemispheres connected by
corpus callosum
what is the surface of the cerebral hemispheres covered by
gyri and sulci
what is the function of the gyri and sulci
increase the surface of the brain
what are the most obvious fissures in the brain
longitudinal fissure and central sulcus
what is the outer surface of the brain called
cerebral cortex
what is the cerebral cortex made of
6 layers of neural cell bodies
what is the function of the cerebral cortex
responsible for higher brain activities and interpretation of impulses from sensory organs and initiation of motor responses
what are the ridges of the cerebellum called
folia
what are the 2 lobes of the cerebellum united by
the vermis
where does the midbrain lie
junction of middle and posterior cranial fossa
what are the parts of the brainstem
medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain
what is the diencephalon composed of
thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
what are the lobes of the cerebrum
frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
what does the limbic system contain
hippocampus and amygdala
what does the frontal lobe contain
prefrontal cortex, motor cortex, broca’s area
what is the function of the prefrontal cortex
problem solving, complex planning, decision making, predicting outcomes, personality
what are the parts of the motor cortex
premotor cortex, supplementary motor area, primary motor cortex
what is the function of the premotor cortex
somatic motor association area coordinating learnt movements
what does the supplementary motor area do
movement of contralateral limbs
what is the function of the primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus)
key area for motor control and movements. bilateral movement of paired muscles
what does broca’s area do
production of speech, regulates breathing pattern while speaking
what is broca’s aphasia
patient comprehends sufficiently but cannot form words so speech is jumbled and unintelligible
what is the function of the parietal lobe
processing sensory information
what are the parts of the parietal lobe
primary somatosensory cortex and posterior parietal cortex
what is another name for the primary somatosensory cortex
postcentral gyrus
what is the primary somatosensory cortex responsible for
tactile sensation, pain, pressure, touch
what is the function of the posterior parietal cortex
integration of sensory information, spatial perception, spatial attention, cognitive functions
what happens if there is a stroke on the right parietal lobe
causes patients to neglect the left side of body
what disease shrinks the parietal lobe
alzheimers
what does shrinking of the parietal lobe do?
impairs cognitive function (difficulty with navigation as visual, spatial and orientation parts of parietal lobes are destructed)
what is somatotopic localisation
the idea that particular areas of the body are mapped to a particular area of the brain
what does the cortical homunculus show
motor and sensory areas of the brain
what part of the brain is the motor cortex in with regards to the cortical homunculus
precentral gyrus
what part of the brain is the somatosensory cortex in with regards to the cortical homunculus
postcentral gyrus
why is to homunculus distorted
the areas are allocated depending on either the complexity of motor function OR the amount of sensory receptors
what is the function of the occipital lobe
visual processing centre of the brain
what is the main part of the occipital lobe
primary visual cortex
where is the primary visual cortex located
around the calcarine sulcus
what does the primary visual cortex receive information from
thalamus
what is the primary visual cortex surrounded by
other parts of visual cortex - secondary visual area and visual association area
what does it mean if the primary visual cortex is damaged
person can still see letters but cannot understand the meaning or recognise them as words
what is the function of the temporal lobe
process sensory information, long term memory formation and recognition, visual perception and recognition, processing of olfactory stimuli
what are the parts of the temporal lobe
auditory cortex, wernickes area, wernickes aphasia
what is the function of the auditory cortex
hearing, speech, words, pitch, tone
what is the function of wernickes area
language comprehension, coordinates access to auditory and visual memories to be able to read, understand and say things out loud
what is wernickes aphasia
able to speak words easily but meaningless word pieces (word salad), not sure of relationship of words being used
what does temporal lobe lesions cause
memory problems
what does parietal lobe lesions cause
disorientation
what lobes does alzheimers affect
parietal and temporal
where is the insula found
deep to lateral sulcus, concealed by frontal, temporal and parietal lobes
what is the anterior insula involved in
language
what is the posterior insula involved in
integrating information relating to touch, vision and hearing
overall what is the insula’s function
integration of sensation, pain, maintenance of CV homeostasis, empathy, planning and coordination of movements needed for speech
