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Head and Neck Anatomy BDS3 > Gross Anatomy of Brain and Spinal Cord Part 1 > Flashcards

Gross Anatomy of Brain and Spinal Cord Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the dominant hemisphere

A

left

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2
Q

what is the left hemisphere responsible for

A

language, reading, writing, and speech

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3
Q

what is the non-dominant hemisphere for

A

orientation of body, visual experiences, thought processes

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4
Q

what are the two hemispheres connected by

A

corpus callosum

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5
Q

what is the surface of the cerebral hemispheres covered by

A

gyri and sulci

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6
Q

what is the function of the gyri and sulci

A

increase the surface of the brain

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7
Q

what are the most obvious fissures in the brain

A

longitudinal fissure and central sulcus

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8
Q

what is the outer surface of the brain called

A

cerebral cortex

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9
Q

what is the cerebral cortex made of

A

6 layers of neural cell bodies

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10
Q

what is the function of the cerebral cortex

A

responsible for higher brain activities and interpretation of impulses from sensory organs and initiation of motor responses

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11
Q

what are the ridges of the cerebellum called

A

folia

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12
Q

what are the 2 lobes of the cerebellum united by

A

the vermis

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13
Q

where does the midbrain lie

A

junction of middle and posterior cranial fossa

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14
Q

what are the parts of the brainstem

A

medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain

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15
Q

what is the diencephalon composed of

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

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16
Q

what are the lobes of the cerebrum

A

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

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17
Q

what does the limbic system contain

A

hippocampus and amygdala

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18
Q

what does the frontal lobe contain

A

prefrontal cortex, motor cortex, broca’s area

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19
Q

what is the function of the prefrontal cortex

A

problem solving, complex planning, decision making, predicting outcomes, personality

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20
Q

what are the parts of the motor cortex

A

premotor cortex, supplementary motor area, primary motor cortex

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21
Q

what is the function of the premotor cortex

A

somatic motor association area coordinating learnt movements

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22
Q

what does the supplementary motor area do

A

movement of contralateral limbs

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23
Q

what is the function of the primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus)

A

key area for motor control and movements. bilateral movement of paired muscles

24
Q

what does broca’s area do

A

production of speech, regulates breathing pattern while speaking

25
Q

what is broca’s aphasia

A

patient comprehends sufficiently but cannot form words so speech is jumbled and unintelligible

26
Q

what is the function of the parietal lobe

A

processing sensory information

27
Q

what are the parts of the parietal lobe

A

primary somatosensory cortex and posterior parietal cortex

28
Q

what is another name for the primary somatosensory cortex

A

postcentral gyrus

29
Q

what is the primary somatosensory cortex responsible for

A

tactile sensation, pain, pressure, touch

30
Q

what is the function of the posterior parietal cortex

A

integration of sensory information, spatial perception, spatial attention, cognitive functions

31
Q

what happens if there is a stroke on the right parietal lobe

A

causes patients to neglect the left side of body

32
Q

what disease shrinks the parietal lobe

A

alzheimers

33
Q

what does shrinking of the parietal lobe do?

A

impairs cognitive function (difficulty with navigation as visual, spatial and orientation parts of parietal lobes are destructed)

34
Q

what is somatotopic localisation

A

the idea that particular areas of the body are mapped to a particular area of the brain

35
Q

what does the cortical homunculus show

A

motor and sensory areas of the brain

36
Q

what part of the brain is the motor cortex in with regards to the cortical homunculus

A

precentral gyrus

37
Q

what part of the brain is the somatosensory cortex in with regards to the cortical homunculus

A

postcentral gyrus

38
Q

why is to homunculus distorted

A

the areas are allocated depending on either the complexity of motor function OR the amount of sensory receptors

39
Q

what is the function of the occipital lobe

A

visual processing centre of the brain

40
Q

what is the main part of the occipital lobe

A

primary visual cortex

41
Q

where is the primary visual cortex located

A

around the calcarine sulcus

42
Q

what does the primary visual cortex receive information from

A

thalamus

43
Q

what is the primary visual cortex surrounded by

A

other parts of visual cortex - secondary visual area and visual association area

44
Q

what does it mean if the primary visual cortex is damaged

A

person can still see letters but cannot understand the meaning or recognise them as words

45
Q

what is the function of the temporal lobe

A

process sensory information, long term memory formation and recognition, visual perception and recognition, processing of olfactory stimuli

46
Q

what are the parts of the temporal lobe

A

auditory cortex, wernickes area, wernickes aphasia

47
Q

what is the function of the auditory cortex

A

hearing, speech, words, pitch, tone

48
Q

what is the function of wernickes area

A

language comprehension, coordinates access to auditory and visual memories to be able to read, understand and say things out loud

49
Q

what is wernickes aphasia

A

able to speak words easily but meaningless word pieces (word salad), not sure of relationship of words being used

50
Q

what does temporal lobe lesions cause

A

memory problems

51
Q

what does parietal lobe lesions cause

A

disorientation

52
Q

what lobes does alzheimers affect

A

parietal and temporal

53
Q

where is the insula found

A

deep to lateral sulcus, concealed by frontal, temporal and parietal lobes

54
Q

what is the anterior insula involved in

A

language

55
Q

what is the posterior insula involved in

A

integrating information relating to touch, vision and hearing

56
Q

overall what is the insula’s function

A

integration of sensation, pain, maintenance of CV homeostasis, empathy, planning and coordination of movements needed for speech

Head and Neck Anatomy BDS3 (25 decks)

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