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Anatomy and Physiology 1 > Tissues - Unit 2 > Flashcards

Tissues - Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell and surrounds organelles

A

cytoplasm

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2
Q

the fluid of cytoplasm. contains/dissolves nutrients, wastes, enzymes, and signaling molecules

A

cytosol

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3
Q

the intracellular machinary. serval types. “machines that carry cell basic process”

A

organelles

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4
Q

type of organelle: powerhouse of cell

A

mitochondria

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5
Q

type of organelle: enclosed by a membrane. has O2 and makes most of the cell’s ATP. Looks like a kidney bean, red, and is copied from mom’s cell.

A

mitochondria

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6
Q

type of organelle: produces protein by binding/transferring RNA. tiny, and at the site of translation in DNA.

A

ribosomes

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7
Q

the highway of the cell

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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8
Q

type of organelle: a network of membranous tubules continuous with the nuclear membrane

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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9
Q

two parts of the endoplasmic reticulum

A

rough ER and smooth ER

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10
Q

type of ER: contains ribosomes bound to surface. takes new proteins from ribosomes and folds them into their functional structure which then packaged into vesicles and delivered to Golgi apparatus

A

Rough ER

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11
Q

type of ER: stores Ca^(+2), and makes steroid molecules. Lacks ribosomes.

A

Smooth ER

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12
Q

type of organelle: receives proteins from rough ER and adds final modifications and folding to then become fully functioning then packaged in vesicles and delivered to parts of cell and out of cell through exocytosis. looks like waffle fries.

A

golgi apparatus

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13
Q

type of organelle: post office of the cell.

A

golgi apparatus

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14
Q

type of organelle: vesicles filled with digestive enzymes. they break down old/worn out/dysfunctional organelles by fusing to them (endocytosis). (aka chemical recycling).

A

lysosomes

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15
Q

type of organelle: clean-up crew

A

lysosomes

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16
Q

the protein network in the cytoplasm. it provides the cell with shape, strength, and a transportation system.

A

cytoskeleton

17
Q

3 elements in the cytoskeleton

A

microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.

18
Q

type of cytoskeleton thats made of “actin” protein. gives cell its basic shape by forming scaffolding against the Plasma membrane. smallest.

A

microfilaments

19
Q

type of cytoskeleton. provides cell with strength/tear-resistance. attach to desmosomes.

A

intermediate filaments

20
Q

type of cytoskeleton that are tube-like proteins. they form transportation networks in cell. function as intercellular network that moves organelles and vesicles (like in mitosis). formed by small cylindrical structures (centrosomes).

A

microtubules

21
Q

control center of the cell

A

nucleus

22
Q

center of cell that contains DNA and generates RNA

A

Nucleus

23
Q

Nuclear Envelope is the ____

A

Nuclear Membrane

24
Q

Center of the Nucleus. constructs ribosomes

A

nucleolus

25
Q

DNA molecules that are packaged with proteins

A

Chromatin

26
Q

gives rise to tissue-growth/development and tissue repair. when the cell divides into 2 genetically identical cells.

A

cell division

27
Q

part of cell cycle where cell spends most of its life at. the cell is carrying out normal functions.

A

interphase

28
Q

4 steps of interphase

A

Gap 1, synthesis, gap 2, and gap 0

29
Q

part of interphase. cell generates enzymes/machinery to replicate its DNA

A

gap 1 (G1)

30
Q

part of interphase. cell replicates dna/chromatin

A

synthesis (S)

31
Q

part of interphase. cell generates enzymes and machinery to carry out cell division

A

gap 2 (G2)

32
Q

part of interphase. cell si suspended in interphase and doesn’t divide. (aka most adult cells)

A

gap 0 (G0)

33
Q

4 steps of mitosis

A

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

34
Q

division of the nucleus in cell division

A

mitosis

35
Q

step 1 of mitosis. chromatin condenses into chromosomes. nuclear membrane breaks down. centrioles organize into centrosomes and microtubules

A

prophase

36
Q

step 2 of mitosis. chromosomes line up in the middle of cell and microtubules attach to each one.

A

metaphase

37
Q

step 3 of mitosis. chromosomes move to the poles of the cell. each pole receives one set.

A

anaphase

38
Q

step 4 of mitosis. 2 nuclei form

A

telophase

39
Q

division of cytoplasm in cell division

A

cytokenisis

Anatomy and Physiology 1 (19 decks)

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