biochemistry - unit 1

Question 1

4 types of biological molecules

Answer 1

carbohydrates, lipids, protons, and nucleic acid.

Question 2

fuel/structural molecules. made of carbon atoms linked to h2o. broken down to produce glucose for energy.

Answer 2

carbohydrates

Question 3

type of carbohydrate. made of single carbon ring-like molecules. “basic carbs”

Answer 3

monosaccharides

Question 4

type of carbohydrate. two monosaccharides linked.

Answer 4

dissaccharides

Question 5

type of carbohydrate. 3+ monosaccharides linked. “starches and fibers”

Answer 5

polysaccharides

Question 6

Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats and oils. made of C, H, and O. fuel/structural molecules, and hormones.

Answer 6

lipids

Question 7

type of lipid. fuel molecules, fats. stored in fat cells. made of one glycerol linked to 3 fatty acids.

Answer 7

triglyceride

Question 8

made of straight chain carbons. unhealthy in diet.

Answer 8

saturated fatty acids

Question 9

made of bent chain carbons. healthy in diet.

Answer 9

unsaturated fatty acid

Question 10

An unsaturated fat containing one or more trans double bonds.

Answer 10

trans fats

Question 11

a synthesized triglyceride formed unnaturally.

Answer 11

trans fatty acid.

Question 12

type of lipid. main structural molecules for main cell membranes. glycerol with 2FA’s + 1 phosphate. amphiphilic and therefore forms microscopic spheres with h20 inside and surrounding.

Answer 12

phospholipid

Question 13

type of lipid. 4 carbon rings joined together. structural molecule and hormonal.

Answer 13

steroid

Question 14

three types of lipids

Answer 14

triglyceride, phospholipid, and steroid

Question 15

three types of carbohydrates

Answer 15

monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

Question 16

large molecules of amino acids linked end-to-end. builds and maintains cells and tissues

Answer 16

protein

Question 17

small molecule of less than 50 amino acids

Answer 17

peptide

Question 18

large molecule of greater than 50 amino acids

Answer 18

polypeptide

Question 19

3 levels of protein structural organization

Answer 19

primary, secondary, and tertiary structure.

Question 20

structure where molecule coils and folds

Answer 20

secondary structure

Question 21

structure where molecule twists and is 3D

Answer 21

tertiary structure

Question 22

structure where amino acid sequence “laid out”

Answer 22

primary structure

Question 23

protein loses tertiary structure and function and cant is renatured. (caused by heat, extreme pH)

Answer 23

protein denaturation

Question 24

information/genetics + structural molecules.

Answer 24

nucleic acids

Question 25

building block molecules

Answer 25

nucleotides

Question 26

5 types of nucleotides

Answer 26

adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, uracil

Question 27

3 nucleic acids in the body

Answer 27

DNA, RNA, ATP

Question 28

a genetic molecule that makes up chromosomes

Answer 28

DNA

Question 29

A, G, T, and C are linked end-to-end in ____

Answer 29

DNA

Question 30

large structures in nuclei made of DNA/packaged protein and consist of genes

Answer 30

chromosomes

Question 31

there are __ chromosomes in humans

Answer 31

46

Question 32

segments of nucleotide sequences that are decoded by enzymes

Answer 32

genes

Question 33

A, G, C, and U nucleotides are in ___

Answer 33

RNA

Question 34

produced by enzymes that decode genes. they bind to ribosomes to decode sequences into amino acids for new proteins.

Answer 34

RNA

Question 35

gene sequence in DNA to RNA molecules to new protein molecules

Answer 35

expression

Question 36

made of adenine linked to 3 phosphates. main energy of cells.

Answer 36

ATP

Question 37

chemical reaction: binds to enzymes which then breaks off a phosphate releasing energy/heat

Answer 37

ATP -> ADP + P