nervous system - unit 4

Question 1

3 basic functions of the nervous system

Answer 1

motor, sensory, integration

Question 2

a basic function of NS. “Efferent.” controls muscle contractions + gland secretion. [sensations]

Answer 2

motor

Question 3

a basic function of NS. “Afferent.” detection of body’s internal/external environment [sensations]

Answer 3

sensory

Question 4

a basic function of NS. “Association.” an interpretation of sensations, memory, emotions, logic/learning, language [memory/emotions]

Answer 4

integration

Question 5

Two parts of the Nervous System

Answer 5

Peripheral NS and Central NS

Question 6

2 parts of Peripheral NS

Answer 6

Motor + Sensory

Question 7

2 parts of Motor (“efferent”)

Answer 7

Somatic NS + Autonomic NS

Question 8

part of motor: neurons wired to skeletal muscle cells (motor unit neuron). consciously controls skeletal muscle contractions.

Answer 8

somatic NS

Question 9

part of motor: nerves wired to heart, smooth muscles, and glands. controls their secretion/contractions. unconsciously.

Answer 9

autonomic NS

Question 10

Vascular CT. can regenerate.

Answer 10

Nervous Tissue

Question 11

2 cell types in NT

Answer 11

Neurons + Neuroglia

Question 12

NT cell type: large cells that generate + conduct electricity and release signaling chemicals called “neurotransmitters”

Answer 12

Neurons

Question 13

NT cell type: supporting cells of neurons that surround them as well. also called “glia cells”

Answer 13

neuroglia cells

Question 14

6 types of neuroglia

Answer 14

astrocytes, microglia, ependymal, satellite, Schwann, oligodendrocytes

Question 15

type of neuroglia. most abundent. in CNS. they bind to neurons and hold them in place. help modify chemical environment surrounding neurons

Answer 15

astrocytes

Question 16

type of neuroglia. immune cells in CNS. engulf debris/microbes via phagocytosis.

Answer 16

microglia

Question 17

type of neuroglia. line walls of brain’s ventricles + control canal of Spinal Cord. filters blood/tissue fluid. forms cerebrospinal fluid.

Answer 17

ependymal cells

Question 18

fluid that circulates nutrients and removes wastes from spinal cord/brains

Answer 18

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 19

type of neuroglia. astrocyte cells but in PNS

Answer 19

satellite cells

Question 20

type of neuroglia. wrap around axons of neurons in CNS. form “myelin sheaths” along the length of axons.

Answer 20

oligodendrocytes

Question 21

electrical insulation that speeds up movement of electricity down axon

Answer 21

myelin sheaths

Question 22

type of neuroglia. oligodendrocytes but in PNS. play a role in axon repair.

Answer 22

Schwann Cells

Question 23

3 classifications of neurons based on the structure

Answer 23

multipolar, unipolar, and bipolar neurons

Question 24

classification of neuron. most common. multiple dendrites connected to a cell body

Answer 24

multipolar neuron

Question 25

classification of neuron. some sensory neurons are this. single dendrite connected to axon

Answer 25

unipolar neurons

Question 26

classification of neuron. rare, found in eye/ear/nasal. single dendrite connected to cell body

Answer 26

bipolar neurons