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Anatomy and Physiology 1 > integumentary system - unit 2 > Flashcards

integumentary system - unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

largest organ of the body

A

skin

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2
Q

3 basic layers of the skin

A

epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis

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3
Q

the superficial layer of the skin

A

epidermis

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4
Q

3 cell types of the epidermis

A

keratinocyte, basal cell, melanocytes

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5
Q

cell making up epidermis. most abundant. squamous cells. filled with tough intermediate filaments called keratin and release lipids via exocytosis

A

keratinocytes

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6
Q

cell making up epidermis. stem cell in bottom epidermis layer that functions to regenerate it.

A

basal cell

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7
Q

cell making up epidermis. deep in the epidermis, produces melanin.

A

melanocytes

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8
Q

an thick region of epidermis caused by friction

A

callous

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9
Q

shedding of scalp keratinocytes caused by fungal infection

A

dandruff

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10
Q

autoimmune disease where immune system misidentifies keratinocytes as microbes and kills them. (premature shedding)

A

psoriasis

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11
Q

middle layer of skin. made of connective tissue.

A

dermis

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12
Q

2 regions of the dermis

A

papillary and reticular

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13
Q

top region of dermis. contains blood vessels, etc. and dermal paillae

A

papillary region

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14
Q

fingerprints.

A

dermal paillae

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15
Q

bottom region of dermis. dense irregular CT. provides skin with toughness

A

reticular region

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16
Q

bottom layer of skin. made of adipose tissue

A

hypodermis

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17
Q

3 factors of skin color

A

melanin, caratone, hemoglobin

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18
Q

main factor of skin color. tan/brown protein made by melanocytes

A

melanin

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19
Q

cells that function to absorb UV. produces different shades of melanin

A

melanocytes

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20
Q

factor of skin color. an orange chemical type of Vitamin A.

A

caratone

21
Q

factor of skin color. red-colored protein found in blood.

A

hemoglobin

22
Q

an increase of melanin production. UV stimulates melanocytes to produce more melanin. (usually from sun)

A

sun tan

23
Q

small patch of skin where melanocytes produce an increase amount of melanin.

A

freckle

24
Q

a patch of skin where melanocytes produce an extremely high amount of melanocytes

A

mole

25
Q

a genetic condition where melanocytes dont produce melanin

A

albinism

26
Q

an autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks and kills patches of melanocytes in skin

A

vitiligo

27
Q

“sun spot.” caused by fungal infection that kills melanocytes.

A

tinea

28
Q

ink injected into the dermis

A

tattoos

29
Q

hair outside of skin

A

shaft

30
Q

part of hair that is inside the skin

A

root

31
Q

the sheath that holds hair in the skin

A

hair follicle

32
Q

the portion of hair follicle with basal cells and melanocytes

A

matrix

33
Q

muscles that make hair strands on end-smooth muscles

A

arrector pili

34
Q

nerves that are activated by hair movement

A

hair root plexus

35
Q

basal cells in hair matrix divide into new keratinocytes in the base of hair to produce more hair.

A

hair growth

36
Q

dark hair color has an

A

increase of melanin

37
Q

light hair color has a

A

decrease of melanin

38
Q

red hair color has a

A

modified form of melanin

39
Q

grey hair color has a mix of

A

white and colored hair

40
Q

white hair color has

A

no melanin

41
Q

straight hair type has a __ cross section

A

circle

42
Q

wavy hair type has a ___ cross section

A

oval

43
Q

curly hair type has a ____ cross section

A

curved oval shape

44
Q

“sebaceous glands.” pouch-like glands that are connected to hair follicles

A

oil glands

45
Q

oil that is secreted from oil glands onto the hairs.

A

sebum

46
Q

2 types of sweat glands (“sudoriferous glands.”)

A

eccrine and apocrine sweat glands

47
Q

type of sweat gland. found throughout skin. secretes clear/watery sweat containing dissolved salts and wastes.

A

eccrine sweat glands

48
Q

type of sweat gland. found in skin of armpits/groin/face/nipples. secretes milky-colored sweat containing eccrine sweat with more protein.

A

apocrine sweat glands.

Anatomy and Physiology 1 (19 decks)

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