integumentary system - unit 2 Flashcards
largest organ of the body
skin
3 basic layers of the skin
epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis
the superficial layer of the skin
epidermis
3 cell types of the epidermis
keratinocyte, basal cell, melanocytes
cell making up epidermis. most abundant. squamous cells. filled with tough intermediate filaments called keratin and release lipids via exocytosis
keratinocytes
cell making up epidermis. stem cell in bottom epidermis layer that functions to regenerate it.
basal cell
cell making up epidermis. deep in the epidermis, produces melanin.
melanocytes
an thick region of epidermis caused by friction
callous
shedding of scalp keratinocytes caused by fungal infection
dandruff
autoimmune disease where immune system misidentifies keratinocytes as microbes and kills them. (premature shedding)
psoriasis
middle layer of skin. made of connective tissue.
dermis
2 regions of the dermis
papillary and reticular
top region of dermis. contains blood vessels, etc. and dermal paillae
papillary region
fingerprints.
dermal paillae
bottom region of dermis. dense irregular CT. provides skin with toughness
reticular region
bottom layer of skin. made of adipose tissue
hypodermis
3 factors of skin color
melanin, caratone, hemoglobin
main factor of skin color. tan/brown protein made by melanocytes
melanin
cells that function to absorb UV. produces different shades of melanin
melanocytes
factor of skin color. an orange chemical type of Vitamin A.
caratone
factor of skin color. red-colored protein found in blood.
hemoglobin
an increase of melanin production. UV stimulates melanocytes to produce more melanin. (usually from sun)
sun tan
small patch of skin where melanocytes produce an increase amount of melanin.
freckle
a patch of skin where melanocytes produce an extremely high amount of melanocytes
mole
a genetic condition where melanocytes dont produce melanin
albinism
an autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks and kills patches of melanocytes in skin
vitiligo
“sun spot.” caused by fungal infection that kills melanocytes.
tinea
ink injected into the dermis
tattoos
hair outside of skin
shaft
part of hair that is inside the skin
root
the sheath that holds hair in the skin
hair follicle
the portion of hair follicle with basal cells and melanocytes
matrix
muscles that make hair strands on end-smooth muscles
arrector pili
nerves that are activated by hair movement
hair root plexus
basal cells in hair matrix divide into new keratinocytes in the base of hair to produce more hair.
hair growth
dark hair color has an
increase of melanin
light hair color has a
decrease of melanin
red hair color has a
modified form of melanin
grey hair color has a mix of
white and colored hair
white hair color has
no melanin
straight hair type has a __ cross section
circle
wavy hair type has a ___ cross section
oval
curly hair type has a ____ cross section
curved oval shape
“sebaceous glands.” pouch-like glands that are connected to hair follicles
oil glands
oil that is secreted from oil glands onto the hairs.
sebum
2 types of sweat glands (“sudoriferous glands.”)
eccrine and apocrine sweat glands
type of sweat gland. found throughout skin. secretes clear/watery sweat containing dissolved salts and wastes.
eccrine sweat glands
type of sweat gland. found in skin of armpits/groin/face/nipples. secretes milky-colored sweat containing eccrine sweat with more protein.
apocrine sweat glands.
