skeletal system [bones] - unit 3 Flashcards
7 bone classifications
appendicular, axial, long bone, short bone, flat bone, irregular bone, sesamoid bone
type of bone classification. consist of the skull, ribcage, and backbones
axial skeleton
type of bone classification. consist of the limbs, shoulders, and hips
appendicular skeleton
type of bone classification. bone that’s longer then wide
long bone
type of bone classification. bone that’s cuboidal-shape
short bone
type of bone classification. plate-like bone
flat bone
type of bone classification. weird-shaped bone
irregular bone
type of bone classification. seed-shaped bone
sesamoid bone
End of a long bone
Epiphysis
Shaft of a long bone
diaphysis
smooth white tissue that covers the epiphysis. where long bones come together to form joints
articular cartilage
AKA the “growth plate” of a long bone.
Epiphyseal Plate
Epiphyseal Plate is solid in ___
adults
Epiphyseal Plate is called a cartilage plate during ______
child development
the thin-sheet covering long bone
periosteum
the thin-sheet lining the medullary cavity of a long bone
endosteum
part of long bone containing bone marrow
medullary cavity
bone tissue that has bone marrow in its spaces. provides bone with strength and lightness. sponge-like.
spongy bone tissue
bone tissue that is solid with no spaces. provides bone with strength and weight.
compact bone tissue
long bone grows in length in the
epiphyseal plate
in long bone length growth: cartilage cells on ____ divide and form chondroblasts then new cartilage is made on the ___ while osteoclasts on ___ of plate break down old cartilage and form spongy bone.
epiphysis; epiphyseal; diaphysis
long bone grows both in
length and width
long bone grows in width in the
periosteum
in long bone width growth: osteogenic cells in ___ divide and form new osteoblasts that then form new osteons on surface. osteoclasts of ____ breakdown wall of ____ _____ and expand it
periosteum; endosteum; medullary cavity
a small protein secreted into the body which stimulates growth in long bone and cartilage
Human Growth Hormone (HGH)
HGH is high during ____ and stops during ____ because of the increase of estrogen/testosterone.
childhood; puberty
these cells in the periosteum form osteoblasts, which form new compact bone tissue, and osteoclasts, expand spongy bone tissue to grow other bone types
osteogenic
4 types of bone cells
osteogenic, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts
type of bone cell. stem cells in endosteum and periosteum. they form osteoblasts
osteogenic cells
type of bone cell. immature bone cells
osetoblasts
type of bone cell. mature bone cells. they maintain bone tissue
osteocytes
type of bone cell. they breakdown bone and cartilage tissue. involved in bone growth repair.
osteoclasts
structural unit of compact bone tissue (look like tree trunks). extend length of bone.
osteon
central canal in the osteon. contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic
haversion canal
the concentric rings of bone tissue matrix around the aversion canal in an osteon
lamellane
the spaces between lamellane that house osteocytes in an osteon
lacunae
tiny canals between neighboring lacunae in osteon. osteocytes have arm-like extensions through them. neighboring osteocytes connect via gap junction.
canonical
ground substance in bone tissue matrix is made up of
calcium and phosphate crystals
substance in bone tissue matrix that provides bone hardness and compression resistance.
ground substance
allows the bone to bend (slightly) but not stretch
CT fibers
two bone conditions
dwarfism and gigantism
two types of dwarfism
pituitary dwarfism and achondroplasia
condition of decreased bone growth during child development
dwarfism
type of dwarfism. the pituitary gland doesn’t produce enough HGH. bones and organs affected. uncommon.
pituitary dwarfism
type of dwarfism. pituitary gland produces normal HGH levels but epiphyseal in long bones don’t respond.
achondroplasia
type of dwarfism. the pituitary gland produces normal HGH levels but epiphyseal in long bones don’t respond.
achondroplasia
condition of excessive bone growth caused by high levels of HGH.
gigantism
change in shape, size, and strength
bone remodeling
two hormones involved in bone remodeling
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and Calcitonin
bone remodeling is mediated by blood ____ and ____
calcium and hormones
Hormone involved in bone remodeling. secreted by parathyroid glands in which inhibits osteoblast activity and increases osteoclast activity. (bone resorption)
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Hormone involved in bone remodeling. secreted by thyroid gland. inhibits osteoclasts activity (bone deposition)
Calcitonin
Calcitonin is secreted when there is an ___ of blood calcium
increase/exessive
PTH is secreted when there is ___ blood calcium or ____ blood phosphate
low; high
two processes of bone remodeling
bone resorption and bone deposition
process of bone remodeling: the breakdown of bone tissue. usually on areas of bone lacking weight/stress
bone resorption
process of bone remodeling: building of bone tissue. usually on areas of bone experiencing weight/stress
bone deposition
levels of this mineral in blood determine where bone deposition or resorption occurs
calcium
two bone diseases
Rickets (osteomalacia) and osteoporosis
Blood clot forms in fracture site, fibro+chondro+osteo blasts enter site to form CT callous, osteoclasts breakdown CT callous while osteoblasts replace it with spongy bone, then they remodel site with compact bone tissue
bone fracture repair
type of bone disease. fragile deformed bones in children resulting from low calcium/Vit. D. Called Osteomalacia in adults.
Rickets
type of bone disease. occurs in old age where bones are porous/weak and have a high fracture risk. bone resorption out paces bone deposition.
osteoporosis
