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Anatomy and Physiology 1 > skeletal system [bones] - unit 3 > Flashcards

skeletal system [bones] - unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

7 bone classifications

A

appendicular, axial, long bone, short bone, flat bone, irregular bone, sesamoid bone

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2
Q

type of bone classification. consist of the skull, ribcage, and backbones

A

axial skeleton

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3
Q

type of bone classification. consist of the limbs, shoulders, and hips

A

appendicular skeleton

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4
Q

type of bone classification. bone that’s longer then wide

A

long bone

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5
Q

type of bone classification. bone that’s cuboidal-shape

A

short bone

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6
Q

type of bone classification. plate-like bone

A

flat bone

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7
Q

type of bone classification. weird-shaped bone

A

irregular bone

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8
Q

type of bone classification. seed-shaped bone

A

sesamoid bone

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9
Q

End of a long bone

A

Epiphysis

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10
Q

Shaft of a long bone

A

diaphysis

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11
Q

smooth white tissue that covers the epiphysis. where long bones come together to form joints

A

articular cartilage

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12
Q

AKA the “growth plate” of a long bone.

A

Epiphyseal Plate

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13
Q

Epiphyseal Plate is solid in ___

A

adults

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14
Q

Epiphyseal Plate is called a cartilage plate during ______

A

child development

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15
Q

the thin-sheet covering long bone

A

periosteum

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16
Q

the thin-sheet lining the medullary cavity of a long bone

A

endosteum

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17
Q

part of long bone containing bone marrow

A

medullary cavity

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18
Q

bone tissue that has bone marrow in its spaces. provides bone with strength and lightness. sponge-like.

A

spongy bone tissue

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19
Q

bone tissue that is solid with no spaces. provides bone with strength and weight.

A

compact bone tissue

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20
Q

long bone grows in length in the

A

epiphyseal plate

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21
Q

in long bone length growth: cartilage cells on ____ divide and form chondroblasts then new cartilage is made on the ___ while osteoclasts on ___ of plate break down old cartilage and form spongy bone.

A

epiphysis; epiphyseal; diaphysis

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22
Q

long bone grows both in

A

length and width

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23
Q

long bone grows in width in the

A

periosteum

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24
Q

in long bone width growth: osteogenic cells in ___ divide and form new osteoblasts that then form new osteons on surface. osteoclasts of ____ breakdown wall of ____ _____ and expand it

A

periosteum; endosteum; medullary cavity

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25
Q

a small protein secreted into the body which stimulates growth in long bone and cartilage

A

Human Growth Hormone (HGH)

26
Q

HGH is high during ____ and stops during ____ because of the increase of estrogen/testosterone.

A

childhood; puberty

27
Q

these cells in the periosteum form osteoblasts, which form new compact bone tissue, and osteoclasts, expand spongy bone tissue to grow other bone types

A

osteogenic

28
Q

4 types of bone cells

A

osteogenic, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts

29
Q

type of bone cell. stem cells in endosteum and periosteum. they form osteoblasts

A

osteogenic cells

30
Q

type of bone cell. immature bone cells

A

osetoblasts

31
Q

type of bone cell. mature bone cells. they maintain bone tissue

A

osteocytes

32
Q

type of bone cell. they breakdown bone and cartilage tissue. involved in bone growth repair.

A

osteoclasts

33
Q

structural unit of compact bone tissue (look like tree trunks). extend length of bone.

A

osteon

34
Q

central canal in the osteon. contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic

A

haversion canal

35
Q

the concentric rings of bone tissue matrix around the aversion canal in an osteon

A

lamellane

36
Q

the spaces between lamellane that house osteocytes in an osteon

A

lacunae

37
Q

tiny canals between neighboring lacunae in osteon. osteocytes have arm-like extensions through them. neighboring osteocytes connect via gap junction.

A

canonical

38
Q

ground substance in bone tissue matrix is made up of

A

calcium and phosphate crystals

39
Q

substance in bone tissue matrix that provides bone hardness and compression resistance.

A

ground substance

40
Q

allows the bone to bend (slightly) but not stretch

A

CT fibers

41
Q

two bone conditions

A

dwarfism and gigantism

42
Q

two types of dwarfism

A

pituitary dwarfism and achondroplasia

43
Q

condition of decreased bone growth during child development

A

dwarfism

44
Q

type of dwarfism. the pituitary gland doesn’t produce enough HGH. bones and organs affected. uncommon.

A

pituitary dwarfism

45
Q

type of dwarfism. pituitary gland produces normal HGH levels but epiphyseal in long bones don’t respond.

A

achondroplasia

46
Q

type of dwarfism. the pituitary gland produces normal HGH levels but epiphyseal in long bones don’t respond.

A

achondroplasia

47
Q

condition of excessive bone growth caused by high levels of HGH.

A

gigantism

48
Q

change in shape, size, and strength

A

bone remodeling

49
Q

two hormones involved in bone remodeling

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and Calcitonin

50
Q

bone remodeling is mediated by blood ____ and ____

A

calcium and hormones

51
Q

Hormone involved in bone remodeling. secreted by parathyroid glands in which inhibits osteoblast activity and increases osteoclast activity. (bone resorption)

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

52
Q

Hormone involved in bone remodeling. secreted by thyroid gland. inhibits osteoclasts activity (bone deposition)

A

Calcitonin

53
Q

Calcitonin is secreted when there is an ___ of blood calcium

A

increase/exessive

54
Q

PTH is secreted when there is ___ blood calcium or ____ blood phosphate

A

low; high

55
Q

two processes of bone remodeling

A

bone resorption and bone deposition

56
Q

process of bone remodeling: the breakdown of bone tissue. usually on areas of bone lacking weight/stress

A

bone resorption

57
Q

process of bone remodeling: building of bone tissue. usually on areas of bone experiencing weight/stress

A

bone deposition

58
Q

levels of this mineral in blood determine where bone deposition or resorption occurs

A

calcium

59
Q

two bone diseases

A

Rickets (osteomalacia) and osteoporosis

60
Q

Blood clot forms in fracture site, fibro+chondro+osteo blasts enter site to form CT callous, osteoclasts breakdown CT callous while osteoblasts replace it with spongy bone, then they remodel site with compact bone tissue

A

bone fracture repair

61
Q

type of bone disease. fragile deformed bones in children resulting from low calcium/Vit. D. Called Osteomalacia in adults.

A

Rickets

62
Q

type of bone disease. occurs in old age where bones are porous/weak and have a high fracture risk. bone resorption out paces bone deposition.

A

osteoporosis

Anatomy and Physiology 1 (19 decks)

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