nervous system pt 2 - unit 4

Question 1

white colored nervous tissue. made of myelinated axons

Answer 1

white matter

Question 2

gray-colored nervous tissue. made of dendrites/cell bodies/short (unmyelinated) axons.

Answer 2

gray matter

Question 3

two types of matter of nervous tissue

Answer 3

gray and white

Question 4

bundles of myelinated axons in CNS

Answer 4

tracts

Question 5

bundles of myelinated axons in PNS

Answer 5

nerves

Question 6

pockets of gray matter in CNS

Answer 6

nucleus

Question 7

pockets of gray matter in PNS

Answer 7

ganglion

Question 8

electrical charge within a neuron when its at rest is -70 mV

Answer 8

resting membrane potential

Question 9

are cytoplasm of neurons neg or pos charged. this is because of proteins, nucleic acids, and phosphates in it.

Answer 9

negative

Question 10

most abundent positive ion within cell

Answer 10

K+

Question 11

two most abundent ions outside cell

Answer 11

Na+ and Cl-

Question 12

use energy from ATP breakdown to force ions across PM

Answer 12

pumps

Question 13

from pores on PM. allow materials to pass through.

Answer 13

channels

Question 14

open/form pore in response to a stimuli: ____ channel

Answer 14

gated channel

Question 15

3 grated channels

Answer 15

mechanically, ligand, voltage

Question 16

type of grated channel. open in response to pressure/stretch. found in PM of dendrties of sensory neurons

Answer 16

mechanically gated channel

Question 17

type of grated channel. open in response to chemicals binding to them. found in PM of dendrites and cell bodies.

Answer 17

ligand gated channels

Question 18

type of grated channel. open in response to specific charge/voltage in cytoplasm. found in PM of axon/ axon terminals

Answer 18

voltage gated channels.

Question 19

3 ways the electrical charge can change within a neuron

Answer 19

deporalization, hyperalization, repolarization

Question 20

charge change: charge in neuron becomes more positive

Answer 20

deporalization

Question 21

charge change: change in neuron becomes more negative

Answer 21

hyperalization

Question 22

charge change. when a depolarized/hypolarized cells returns to normal at -70 mV

Answer 22

repolarization

Question 23

movement of charged particles down the length of cell

Answer 23

electricity in body

Question 24

mechanically/ligand-gated channels open in dendrites/cell bodies of neurons.

Answer 24

cause deporalization

Question 25

axons contain _____ gated Na+ channels that open at -55mV down the length of PM

Answer 25

voltage

Question 26

when region of neuron (or muscle cell) axon quickly depolarizes via opening of voltage gated channels followed by repolarization from opening of VG K+ channels.

Answer 26

action potential

Question 27

VGK+ channels open at

Answer 27

+30mV

Question 28

signaling molecules released from neurons (axon terminals) into synapse. they are small protein molecules / modified amino acids.

Answer 28

neurotransmitters

Question 29

formation of new neurons. occurs during child development.

Answer 29

neurogenesis

Question 30

the repair of axons along damaged myelinated in PNS

Answer 30

neural regeneration

Question 31

drugs that prevent axon from firing

Answer 31

channel blockers

Question 32

drugs that mimic neurons/neurotransmitters

Answer 32

agonists

Question 33

drugs that act as receptor blockers

Answer 33

antagonists

Question 34

drugs that bind and block enzymes in synapse

Answer 34

enzyme inhibitor

Question 35

drugs that block NT reuptake proteins

Answer 35

reuptake inhibitors

Question 36

Step ___: NT diffuse across synapse, bind to receptors

Answer 36

1

Question 37

step ___: NT diffuses out of synapse and neuroglia break it down

Answer 37

2

Question 38

step ___: NT reuptake. removes NT from synpase and recycles it.

Answer 38

3

Question 39

step ____: enzyme breaks down NT

Answer 39

4