central nervous system - unit 4 Flashcards
5 regions of the brain
ventricles, cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, brainstem
region of brain. cavity deep in the brain. lined with ependymal cells that continuously filter blood and make new CSF
ventricles
4 parts of the ventricle
2 lateral ventricles, 3rd+4th ventrical
formed in ventricles by ependymal cells. clear fluid containing electrolytes, nutrients, and wastes. helps protect brain/spinal cord
CSF
region of brain. large upper part of brain that represents the left and right hemispheres.
cerebrum
3 ares of the cerebrum
cerebral cortex, cerebral white matter tracts, basal nuclei
area of cerebrum. made of gray matter, the “superficial area,” contains the 4 lobes of brain
cerebral cortex
ridges/bumps on surface
gyri
groves between gyri
sulci
deep groves
fissures
fissure that divides left and right hemisphere
longitudal fissure
fissure that divides cerebrum from cerebellum
transverse fissure
3 function areas of cerebrum
motor areas, sensory areas, association areas
function area of cerebrum. made of neurons wired to skeletal muscles, gives rise to conscious control.
motor area
2 types of motor areas
primary motor are and broca’s speech area
type of motor area in the back of the frontal lobe
primary motor area
type of motor area below the primary motor area. its involved with speech
brocas speech area
function area of cerebrum. gives rise to conscious sensations
sensory areas
5 types of sensory areas
primary somatosensory, auditory, visual, olfactory, gustatory cortex
type of sensory area. in front pariatel lobe. wired to touch.
primary somatosensory cortex
type of sensory area. in temporal lobe. wired to hearing.
primary auditory cortex
type of sensory area. in occipital lobe. wired to vision.
primary visual cortex
type of sensory area. in temporal lobe. wired to smell.
primary olfactory cortex
type of sensory area. in temporal lobe. wired to taste.
primary gustatory cortex
function area of cerebrum. wired to sensory area and gives rise to the interpretation sensations. there is corresponding area to each sensory area.
association area
disease involving speech. condition where pt has trouble understanding language due to damage on the auditory association area.
fluent aphasia
disease involving speech. condition where pt has trouble speaking language due to damage to Broca’s speech area.
nonfluent aphasia
area of cerebrum. made up of thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus.
diencephalon
large middle region thats shaped like a tiny brain. made of nuclei and relays conscious impulses wired to sensory areas of cerebral cortex.
thalamus
behind thalamus. made of several nuclei. gives rise to emotions/hunger+thirst/body temp regulation/libido/autonomic NS control/hormone secretion
hypothalamus
above+behind thalamus. gives rise to emotions, contains pineal gland (secretes melationin).
epithalamus
area of cerebrum. bottom stalk of brain.
brain stem
3 parts of the brain stem.
midbrain, pons, medulla oblongota
part of brain stem. contains tracts/nuclei. startle reflex.
midbrain
3 parts of midbrain
superior/inferior colliculi and substentia nigia
nuclei ontop of midbrain that relays impulses for head/neck movement triggered by sight
superior colliculi
nuclei below superior colliculi that relay impulses for head/neck movement triggered by sound
inferior colliculi
dark colored nuclei in midbrain. involved in unconscious control of skeletal muscle contractions
substantia nigra
part of brainstem. “middle region” mostly tracts and controls unconscious contractions involved with breathing
pons
part of brain stem. “bottom region” mostly white matter, contains nuclei that control breathing, heart, gag throat reflexes (cough etc.)
medulla oblongata
region of brain. lower back region. gives rise to agility.
cerebellum
_____ recieves impulses from proprioceptors , then from primary motor cortex, then compares them both to determine if body movement is accurate/coordinate and sends corrective feedback as needed
cerebellum
parts of brain that gives rise to emotions. includes cerebral cortex, basal nuclei, thalamus, hypo/epithalamus
limbic system
string of nuclei that runs through brainstem that synapse with sensory neurons sending impulses. they can block impulses for repitative sensations
reticular system
reticular system is ___ if sensations are allowed to pass. consciousness.
active
reticular system is ____ if sensations arent allowed to pass. unconscious.
inactive
reticular system can be drowsy, and ____ active.
less
